Question 1

W hat would happen to the free energy of ATP hydrolysis if the [ADP] and [Pi] concentrations rose inside the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  $\Delta$G for AT P hydrolysis would become more negative 
B)  You couldn't tell what would happen because the effects oppose one another 
C)  $\Delta$ G for AT P hydrolysis would become positive 
D)  $\Delta$ G for ATP hydrolysis would become less negative 
E)  $\Delta$ G for ATP hydrolysis would become more positive 
A)  $\Delta$G for AT P hydrolysis would become more negative 
B)  You couldn't tell what would happen because the effects oppose one another 
C)  $\Delta$ G for AT P hydrolysis would become positive 
D)  $\Delta$ G for ATP hydrolysis would become less negative 
E)  $\Delta$ G for ATP hydrolysis would become more positive D

Question 2

At equilibrium

Accepted Answer

A) $\triangle$G = 0 
B) $\triangle$G eq 
D)  $\triangle$µ = RT ln C 
E)  Both A and C are correct 
A) $\triangle$G = 0 
B) $\triangle$G eq 
D)  $\triangle$µ = RT ln C 
E)  Both A and C are correct A

Question 3

The "free energy" is

Accepted Answer

A) The energy liberated upon breaking a chemical bond 
B)  The energy available to do work 
C)  All energy except thermal energy 
D)  The energy liberated when a solution is concentrated 
E)  Zero at equilibrium 
A) The energy liberated upon breaking a chemical bond 
B)  The energy available to do work 
C)  All energy except thermal energy 
D)  The energy liberated when a solution is concentrated 
E)  Zero at equilibrium B

Question 4

If a process has $\Delta$G1 > 0 it means

Accepted Answer

A)  The reverse process will occur spontaneously. 
B)  It will occur spontaneously 
C)  It will not occur spontaneously unless linked to another process with$\Delta$G2 > $\Delta$G1 
D)  It will not occur spontaneously unless linked to another process with $\Delta$G2 > - $\Delta$G1 
E)  It can never occur spontaneously 
A)  The reverse process will occur spontaneously. 
B)  It will occur spontaneously 
C)  It will not occur spontaneously unless linked to another process with$\Delta$G2 > $\Delta$G1 
D)  It will not occur spontaneously unless linked to another process with $\Delta$G2 > - $\Delta$G1 
E)  It can never occur spontaneously

Question 5

W hen a solution of charged particles is subject to an electric field, the force on a charged particle due to the electric field is (z is the number of charges on the particle; e is the charge on the electron; E is the electric field intensity; k is Boltzmann’s constant; T is the temperature; D is the diffusion coefficient; C is the concentration; T is the Faraday; $\psi$ is the potential; R is the gas constant)

Accepted Answer

A)  zeE 
B)  kT /D 
C)  zCe 
D)  -z$\Im d \psi / d x $ 
E)  RT lnC 
A)  zeE 
B)  kT /D 
C)  zCe 
D)  -z$\Im d \psi / d x $ 
E)  RT lnC

Question 6

The term in the electrochem ical potential that describes the concentration work is

Accepted Answer

A)  µ0 
B)  RT ln C 
C)  RTC 
D)  z$\Im  \psi  $ 
E)  -D$\partial$C/ $\partial$x 
A)  µ0 
B)  RT ln C 
C)  RTC 
D)  z$\Im  \psi  $ 
E)  -D$\partial$C/ $\partial$x

Question 7

A charged solute is subjected to an electric field that accelerates the charge. It soon reaches a terminal velocity, v. If the force per unit particle is f, what is the final velocity?

Accepted Answer

A)  v = D / kT f 
B)  v = kT Cf 
C)  v = kT / Df 
D)  v = RTlnC 
E)  v = -D $ \partial $C /$ \partial $x 
A)  v = D / kT f 
B)  v = kT Cf 
C)  v = kT / Df 
D)  v = RTlnC 
E)  v = -D $ \partial $C /$ \partial $x

Question 8

At 1 atm pressure, the electrochemical potential, of a solute in solution, :

Accepted Answer

A)  Is the Gibbs Free energy per molecule 
B)  = RT ln C + z$ \Im $ $\psi$ (where R is the gas constant, T is temperature, T is the Faraday and R is the electrical potential) 
C)  $ =\mu^{\circ}+\mathbf{R T} \ln \mathbf{C}+\mathbf{z} \mathfrak{I} \Psi $ 
D)  Is zero at equilibrium 
E)  Both A and C are correct 
A)  Is the Gibbs Free energy per molecule 
B)  = RT ln C + z$ \Im $ $\psi$ (where R is the gas constant, T is temperature, T is the Faraday and R is the electrical potential) 
C)  $ =\mu^{\circ}+\mathbf{R T} \ln \mathbf{C}+\mathbf{z} \mathfrak{I} \Psi $ 
D)  Is zero at equilibrium 
E)  Both A and C are correct

Question 9

At equilibrium, for the reaction A + B→C , it is possible to calculate$\triangle$G 0 as

Accepted Answer

A)  -RT ln [C] /[A][B] 
B)  -RT [C] / [A][B] 
C)  -RT/ ln Keq 
D)  Ln Keq / RT 
E)  $\triangle$G 0 is measured, not calculated 
A)  -RT ln [C] /[A][B] 
B)  -RT [C] / [A][B] 
C)  -RT/ ln Keq 
D)  Ln Keq / RT 
E)  $\triangle$G 0 is measured, not calculated

Question 10

If a process has $ \Delta $G1 > 0 it means

Accepted Answer

A)  It will not occur spontaneously unless linked to another process with $\Delta$G2 1 
B)  It will occur spontaneously 
C)  It will not occur spontaneously unless linked to another process with$\Delta$G2 > $\Delta$G1 
D)  It will not occur spontaneously unless linked to another process with $\Delta$ G2 > - $\Delta$G1 
E)  It can never occur spontaneously 
A)  It will not occur spontaneously unless linked to another process with $\Delta$G2 1 
B)  It will occur spontaneously 
C)  It will not occur spontaneously unless linked to another process with$\Delta$G2 > $\Delta$G1 
D)  It will not occur spontaneously unless linked to another process with $\Delta$ G2 > - $\Delta$G1 
E)  It can never occur spontaneously

Question 11

The term in the electrochemical potential that describes the electrical work is

Accepted Answer

A)  µ0 
B)  RT ln C 
C)  RT C 
D)  z$\Im  \psi  $ 
E)  -D$\partial$C/ $\partial$x 
A)  µ0 
B)  RT ln C 
C)  RT C 
D)  z$\Im  \psi  $ 
E)  -D$\partial$C/ $\partial$x

Question 12

The units of the electrochemical potential are

Accepted Answer

A)  Vo lts 
B)  Joules 
C)  Joules per mole 
D)  Kcal 
E)  Both A and C 
A)  Vo lts 
B)  Joules 
C)  Joules per mole 
D)  Kcal 
E)  Both A and C

Exam 5: Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

W hat would happen to the free energy of ATP hydrolysis if the [ADP] and [Pi] concentrations rose inside the cell?

At equilibrium

The "free energy" is

If a process has Δ\DeltaΔ G1 > 0 it means

The term in the electrochem ical potential that describes the concentration work is

A charged solute is subjected to an electric field that accelerates the charge. It soon reaches a terminal velocity, v. If the force per unit particle is f, what is the final velocity?

At 1 atm pressure, the electrochemical potential, of a solute in solution, :

At equilibrium, for the reaction A + B→C , it is possible to calculate △\triangle△ G 0 as

If a process has Δ \Delta Δ G1 > 0 it means

The term in the electrochemical potential that describes the electrical work is

The units of the electrochemical potential are

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake

General Principles of Endocrinology

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The Endocrine Pancreas

The Adrenal Cortex

The Adrenal Medulla

The Calcitropic Hormones

Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis Ii

Female Reproductive Physiology

If a process has $\Delta$ G₁ > 0 it means

At equilibrium, for the reaction A + B→C , it is possible to calculate $\triangle$ G⁰ as

If a process has $\Delta$ G₁ > 0 it means