Question 1

The T2R taste receptors

Accepted Answer

A)  Allow response to salty substances 
B)  Are responsibile for the sweet taste 
C)  Respond to bitter tastants 
D)  Give us the umam i sense 
E)  Allow the sour modality 
A)  Allow response to salty substances 
B)  Are responsibile for the sweet taste 
C)  Respond to bitter tastants 
D)  Give us the umam i sense 
E)  Allow the sour modality C

Question 2

The olfactory epithelium is located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  Nasal turbinates 
B)  Vomeronasal organ 
C)  Roof of the nasal cavity 
D)  Taste buds 
E)  Trigeminal nerve 
A)  Nasal turbinates 
B)  Vomeronasal organ 
C)  Roof of the nasal cavity 
D)  Taste buds 
E)  Trigeminal nerve C

Question 3

The facial nerve innervates

Accepted Answer

A)  Circumvallate papillae at the back of the tongue 
B)  Foliate papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue 
C)  Fungiform papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue 
D)  Fungiform papillae at the back of the tongue 
E)  Taste buds in the pharynx 
A)  Circumvallate papillae at the back of the tongue 
B)  Foliate papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue 
C)  Fungiform papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue 
D)  Fungiform papillae at the back of the tongue 
E)  Taste buds in the pharynx C

Question 4

W hich of the following taste modalities is NOT m ediated by a G-protein coupled receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Salt 
B)  Sweet 
C)  Bitter 
D)  Umami 
E)  All of the above are mediated by GPCR 
A)  Salt 
B)  Sweet 
C)  Bitter 
D)  Umami 
E)  All of the above are mediated by GPCR

Question 5

The smell of peppermint, menthol, chlorine and amm onia is unusual in that

Accepted Answer

A)  Their sensory afferents are carried in the trigeminal nerve 
B)  They use T1R1 receptors 
C)  They use EnaC channels in their transduction mechanism 
D)  They are detected in the vomeronasal organ 
E)  They use a Gs mechanism for sensory transduction 
A)  Their sensory afferents are carried in the trigeminal nerve 
B)  They use T1R1 receptors 
C)  They use EnaC channels in their transduction mechanism 
D)  They are detected in the vomeronasal organ 
E)  They use a Gs mechanism for sensory transduction

Question 6

The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates

Accepted Answer

A)  Circumvallate papillae at the back of the tongue 
B)  Foliate papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue 
C)  Fungiform papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue 
D)  Fungiform papillae at the back of the tongue 
E)  Taste buds in the pharynx 
A)  Circumvallate papillae at the back of the tongue 
B)  Foliate papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue 
C)  Fungiform papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue 
D)  Fungiform papillae at the back of the tongue 
E)  Taste buds in the pharynx

Question 7

Humans do not discriminate well between the taste of NaCl and KCl because

Accepted Answer

A)  The ion channel on the basolateral membrane is specific for Na+ ions 
B)  It is actually sensitive to Cl-. 
C) The G-protein mechanism for salty taste binds both Na+ and K+ 
D)  The salty taste in humans is restricted to the circumvallate papillae 
E)  The ion channel in humans on the apical membrane lets either Na+ or K+ into the cell. 
A)  The ion channel on the basolateral membrane is specific for Na+ ions 
B)  It is actually sensitive to Cl-. 
C) The G-protein mechanism for salty taste binds both Na+ and K+ 
D)  The salty taste in humans is restricted to the circumvallate papillae 
E)  The ion channel in humans on the apical membrane lets either Na+ or K+ into the cell.

Question 8

The “hot” taste of jalapeno peppers is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethacrynic acid 
B)  $\Delta$9 tetrahydrocannabinol 
C)  Cetylpyridinium chloride 
D)  Capsaicin 
E)  Amiloride 
A)  Ethacrynic acid 
B)  $\Delta$9 tetrahydrocannabinol 
C)  Cetylpyridinium chloride 
D)  Capsaicin 
E)  Amiloride

Question 9

Which of the following taste modalities is NOT m ediated by a G-protein coupled receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sour 
B)  Sweet 
C)  Salt 
D)  Bitter 
E)  A and C are both correct 
A)  Sour 
B)  Sweet 
C)  Salt 
D)  Bitter 
E)  A and C are both correct

Question 10

W hich of the following cell types are NOT found in the olfactory epithelium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sustentacular or supporting cells 
B)  Olfactory receptor cells 
C)  Basal or stem cells 
D)  Secreting cells 
E)  Parietal cells 
A)  Sustentacular or supporting cells 
B)  Olfactory receptor cells 
C)  Basal or stem cells 
D)  Secreting cells 
E)  Parietal cells

Question 11

The vagus nerve innervates

Accepted Answer

A)  Circumvallate papillae at the back of the tongue 
B)  Foliate papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue 
C)  Fungiform papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue 
D)  Fungiform papillae at the back of the tongue 
E)  Taste buds in the pharynx 
A)  Circumvallate papillae at the back of the tongue 
B)  Foliate papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue 
C)  Fungiform papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue 
D)  Fungiform papillae at the back of the tongue 
E)  Taste buds in the pharynx

Question 12

Increased Cl- conductance in olfactory sensory neurons

Accepted Answer

A)  Depolarizes the cells because Cl- enters the cells 
B)  Depolarizes the cells because Cl- leaves the cells 
C)  Hyperpolarizes the cells because Cl- enters the cells 
D)  Hyperpolarizes the cells because Cl- leaves the cells 
E)  Depolarizes the cells because Ca2+ enters the cells 
A)  Depolarizes the cells because Cl- enters the cells 
B)  Depolarizes the cells because Cl- leaves the cells 
C)  Hyperpolarizes the cells because Cl- enters the cells 
D)  Hyperpolarizes the cells because Cl- leaves the cells 
E)  Depolarizes the cells because Ca2+ enters the cells

Question 13

The postulated function of the vomeronasal organ is to

Accepted Answer

A)  Detect volatile organic solvents such as CHCl3 and CCl4 
B)  Respond to ammonia 
C)  Detect pheromones 
D)  Detect odorants such as peppermint or chlorine 
E)  Respond to volatile amines 
A)  Detect volatile organic solvents such as CHCl3 and CCl4 
B)  Respond to ammonia 
C)  Detect pheromones 
D)  Detect odorants such as peppermint or chlorine 
E)  Respond to volatile amines

Question 14

The salt-sensitive taste-receptor cells in humans would be blocked by

Accepted Answer

A)  Amiloride 
B)  Ethacrynic acid 
C)  Acid 
D)  Ammonium 
E)  Cetylpyridinium chloride 
A)  Amiloride 
B)  Ethacrynic acid 
C)  Acid 
D)  Ammonium 
E)  Cetylpyridinium chloride

Question 15

W hich of the following papillae DO NOT have taste buds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Foliate papillae 
B)  Fungiform papillae 
C)  Circumvallate papillae 
D)  Filiform papillae 
E)  All of the above have taste buds 
A)  Foliate papillae 
B)  Fungiform papillae 
C)  Circumvallate papillae 
D)  Filiform papillae 
E)  All of the above have taste buds

Question 16

Each olfactory sensory neuron

Accepted Answer

A)  Makes only one odorant binding protein 
B)  Makes only a few different types of odorant binding proteins 
C)  Makes about 1300 different types of odorant binding proteins 
D)  Do not derive sensory sensitivity from the odorant binding proteins 
E)  Use odorant binding proteins to discharge used odorants 
A)  Makes only one odorant binding protein 
B)  Makes only a few different types of odorant binding proteins 
C)  Makes about 1300 different types of odorant binding proteins 
D)  Do not derive sensory sensitivity from the odorant binding proteins 
E)  Use odorant binding proteins to discharge used odorants

Question 17

Odorant binding to receptors on the olfactory sensory neurons does all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Activates adenylyl cyclase 
B)  Increases Ca2+ entry 
C)  Opens a Cl- channel 
D)  Hyperpolarizes the cell 
E)  Activates a G-protein 
A)  Activates adenylyl cyclase 
B)  Increases Ca2+ entry 
C)  Opens a Cl- channel 
D)  Hyperpolarizes the cell 
E)  Activates a G-protein

Question 18

If you did not have a functional gene for the T1R3 receptor, you would be unable to respond to

Accepted Answer

A)  Sweet tastants 
B)  Bitter tastants 
C)  Um ami tastants 
D)  Both sweet and bitter tastants 
E)  Both sweet and umami tastants 
A)  Sweet tastants 
B)  Bitter tastants 
C)  Um ami tastants 
D)  Both sweet and bitter tastants 
E)  Both sweet and umami tastants

Exam 30: the Chemical Senses

The T2R taste receptors

The olfactory epithelium is located in the

The facial nerve innervates

W hich of the following taste modalities is NOT m ediated by a G-protein coupled receptor?

The smell of peppermint, menthol, chlorine and amm onia is unusual in that

The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates

Humans do not discriminate well between the taste of NaCl and KCl because

The “hot” taste of jalapeno peppers is due to

Which of the following taste modalities is NOT m ediated by a G-protein coupled receptor?

W hich of the following cell types are NOT found in the olfactory epithelium?

The vagus nerve innervates

Increased Cl- conductance in olfactory sensory neurons

The postulated function of the vomeronasal organ is to

The salt-sensitive taste-receptor cells in humans would be blocked by

W hich of the following papillae DO NOT have taste buds?

Each olfactory sensory neuron

Odorant binding to receptors on the olfactory sensory neurons does all of the following EXCEPT

If you did not have a functional gene for the T1R3 receptor, you would be unable to respond to

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake

General Principles of Endocrinology

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

Increased Cl^- conductance in olfactory sensory neurons