Question 1

The plasma concentration at which glucose first appears in the urine is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  Transport maximum for glucose 
B)  Splay 
C)  The renal threshold for glucose 
D)  The clearance of glucose 
E)  The effective renal plasma flow 
A)  Transport maximum for glucose 
B)  Splay 
C)  The renal threshold for glucose 
D)  The clearance of glucose 
E)  The effective renal plasma flow C

Question 2

The Tm for a secreted material, X, is

Accepted Answer

A)  about 120 mL min -1 
B)  its maxim um excretory rate 
C)  $\theta$x GFR PX 
D)  its maximum secretory rate 
E)  its maxim um filtration rate 
A)  about 120 mL min -1 
B)  its maxim um excretory rate 
C)  $\theta$x GFR PX 
D)  its maximum secretory rate 
E)  its maxim um filtration rate D

Question 3

The filtered load of large proteins is

Accepted Answer

A)  Large because the proteins are large 
B)  Large because the GFR is so large 
C)  Small because the proteins are small, despite the descriptor “large” 
D)  Sm all because the plasm a concentration of protein is sm all 
E)  Small because the sieving coefficient is small 
A)  Large because the proteins are large 
B)  Large because the GFR is so large 
C)  Small because the proteins are small, despite the descriptor “large” 
D)  Sm all because the plasm a concentration of protein is sm all 
E)  Small because the sieving coefficient is small E

Question 4

The clearance of inulin

Accepted Answer

A)  depends linearly on the plasma [inulin] 
B)  decreases with increases in plasma [inulin] 
C)  increases with increases in plasma [inulin] 
D)  is independent of plasma [inulin] 
E)  saturates with increasing [inulin] 
A)  depends linearly on the plasma [inulin] 
B)  decreases with increases in plasma [inulin] 
C)  increases with increases in plasma [inulin] 
D)  is independent of plasma [inulin] 
E)  saturates with increasing [inulin]

Question 5

The clearance of inulin is 100 mL min-1 in a patient. His plasm a concentration of solute X is 0.2mg% and a 4-hour urine specimen was 240 m L, with a urinary concentration of solute X of 60 mg% . From this information you can conclude

Accepted Answer

A)  Substance X is not freely filtered 
B)  Substance X is reabsorbed 
C)  Substance X is secreted 
D)  Substance X is both filtered and secreted 
E)  Substance X is both freely filtered and reabsorbed 
A)  Substance X is not freely filtered 
B)  Substance X is reabsorbed 
C)  Substance X is secreted 
D)  Substance X is both filtered and secreted 
E)  Substance X is both freely filtered and reabsorbed

Question 6

[TF/P] inulin at the end of the proximal tubule is 3 and at the same place [TF/P]Na = 1. You conclude from this that

Accepted Answer

A)  2/3 of the Na is re-absorbed in the proximal tubule 
B)  1/3 of the water is re-absorbed in the proxim al tubule 
C)  The fluid reabsorbed in the proximal tubule is isoosmolar with plasma 
D)  Inulin is freely filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted 
E)  Both A and C are true 
A)  2/3 of the Na is re-absorbed in the proximal tubule 
B)  1/3 of the water is re-absorbed in the proxim al tubule 
C)  The fluid reabsorbed in the proximal tubule is isoosmolar with plasma 
D)  Inulin is freely filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted 
E)  Both A and C are true

Question 7

Amino acids are

Accepted Answer

A)  Reabsorbed by a combination of active and passive transport mechanisms in the proximal tubule 
B)  Reabsorbed passively in the proxim al tubule 
C)  Secreted by a combination of active and passive transport mechanisms in the proximal tubule 
D)  Secreted passively in the proxim al tubule 
E)  Reabsorbed throughout the length of the nephron 
A)  Reabsorbed by a combination of active and passive transport mechanisms in the proximal tubule 
B)  Reabsorbed passively in the proxim al tubule 
C)  Secreted by a combination of active and passive transport mechanisms in the proximal tubule 
D)  Secreted passively in the proxim al tubule 
E)  Reabsorbed throughout the length of the nephron

Question 8

At then end of the proxim al tubule, [TF / P] for glucose is normally

Accepted Answer

A)  1 / 3 
B)  2 /3 
C)  1 
D)  0 
E)  Indeterminate, depending on the fraction of water reabsorbed 
A)  1 / 3 
B)  2 /3 
C)  1 
D)  0 
E)  Indeterminate, depending on the fraction of water reabsorbed

Question 9

The relatively sm all fraction of proteins filtered by the glom erulus is

Accepted Answer

A)  Degraded by the proxim al tubule 
B)  Passed unchanged into the urine 
C)  Reabsorbed by endocytosis 
D)  Stuck together in the final urine 
E)  Both A and C are true 
A)  Degraded by the proxim al tubule 
B)  Passed unchanged into the urine 
C)  Reabsorbed by endocytosis 
D)  Stuck together in the final urine 
E)  Both A and C are true

Question 10

Glucose reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A)  involves apical SGLT and basolateral GLUT2 transporters 
B)  involves apical GLUT2 and basolateral SGLT transporters 
C)  involves apical Na-glucose countertransport and basolateral GLUT2 transporters 
D)  involves facilitated diffusion at both apical and basolateral mem branes 
E)  obeys diffusion kinetics 
A)  involves apical SGLT and basolateral GLUT2 transporters 
B)  involves apical GLUT2 and basolateral SGLT transporters 
C)  involves apical Na-glucose countertransport and basolateral GLUT2 transporters 
D)  involves facilitated diffusion at both apical and basolateral mem branes 
E)  obeys diffusion kinetics

Question 11

Creatinine clearance is a good approximation to the GFR because creatinine

Accepted Answer

A)  Is made in the body 
B)  Is freely filtered and not reabsorbed and secreted only a little 
C)  Is avidly secreted 
D)  Concentration in plasma is relatively constant 
E)  Concentration in plasma is inversely related to the GFR 
A)  Is made in the body 
B)  Is freely filtered and not reabsorbed and secreted only a little 
C)  Is avidly secreted 
D)  Concentration in plasma is relatively constant 
E)  Concentration in plasma is inversely related to the GFR

Question 12

The filtered load of solute X is calculated as

Accepted Answer

A)  QU UX / PX 
B)  (TFX/ PX)/(TFinulin /Pinulin) 
C)  CB / CP 
D)  GFR $\theta$ X PX 
E)  TFX / PX 
A)  QU UX / PX 
B)  (TFX/ PX)/(TFinulin /Pinulin) 
C)  CB / CP 
D)  GFR $\theta$ X PX 
E)  TFX / PX

Question 13

The graph of the filtered load of inulin plotted against the plasm a concentration of inulin is linear.
This is because inulin is

Accepted Answer

A)  Freely filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted 
B)  Freely filtered and reabsorbed 
C)  Freely filtered and also secreted 
D)  Not filtered, reabsorbed or secreted 
E)  Avidly destroyed by the kidney 
A)  Freely filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted 
B)  Freely filtered and reabsorbed 
C)  Freely filtered and also secreted 
D)  Not filtered, reabsorbed or secreted 
E)  Avidly destroyed by the kidney

Question 14

At the end of the proxim al tubule, [TF / P] for am ino acids is normally

Accepted Answer

A)  1 / 3 
B)  2 /3 
C)  1 
D)  0 
E)  Indeterminate, depending on the fraction of water reabsorbed 
A)  1 / 3 
B)  2 /3 
C)  1 
D)  0 
E)  Indeterminate, depending on the fraction of water reabsorbed

Question 15

The kidney plays a major role in the regulation of plasma concentrations of

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose 
B)  Amino acids 
C)  Phosphate 
D)  Protein 
E)  Lactate 
A)  Glucose 
B)  Amino acids 
C)  Phosphate 
D)  Protein 
E)  Lactate

Question 16

The filtered load of glucose per day

Accepted Answer

A)  Is more than the total glucose in all of the body fluids 
B)  Is a small fraction of the total glucose in plasma 
C)  Is about the same as the amount of glucose contained in plasma 
D)  Is more than the amount of glucose in all of the carbohydrate stores in the body 
E)  Accounts for the glucose in the urine 
A)  Is more than the total glucose in all of the body fluids 
B)  Is a small fraction of the total glucose in plasma 
C)  Is about the same as the amount of glucose contained in plasma 
D)  Is more than the amount of glucose in all of the carbohydrate stores in the body 
E)  Accounts for the glucose in the urine

Question 17

The greatest part of water and nutrient reabsorption occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  distal tubule 
C)  Loop of Henle 
D)  collecting duct 
E)  proximal tubule 
A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  distal tubule 
C)  Loop of Henle 
D)  collecting duct 
E)  proximal tubule

Question 18

Splay in renal titration curves is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  Saturation kinetics 
B)  Passive transport mechanisms 
C)  Nephron heterogeneity 
D)  Counter-current flow 
E)  Both A and C are true 
A)  Saturation kinetics 
B)  Passive transport mechanisms 
C)  Nephron heterogeneity 
D)  Counter-current flow 
E)  Both A and C are true

Question 19

HCO3- reabsorption in the proxim al tubule

Accepted Answer

A)  Requires acid secretion at the luminal membrane 
B)  Requires a HCO3-- Cl- exchanger at the luminal membrane 
C)  Requires a HCO3- - Cl- exchanger at the basolateral membrane 
D)  Requires carbonic anhydrase in the plasma 
E)  Requires Na+ secretion 
A)  Requires acid secretion at the luminal membrane 
B)  Requires a HCO3-- Cl- exchanger at the luminal membrane 
C)  Requires a HCO3- - Cl- exchanger at the basolateral membrane 
D)  Requires carbonic anhydrase in the plasma 
E)  Requires Na+ secretion

Question 20

“Splay” refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  The appearance of material in the urine before the filtered load exceeds the
transport maximum 
B)  Nephron heterogeneity 
C)  Saturation kinetics 
D)  Carrier transport mechanisms 
E)  The dependence of clearance on plasma concentration 
A)  The appearance of material in the urine before the filtered load exceeds the
transport maximum 
B)  Nephron heterogeneity 
C)  Saturation kinetics 
D)  Carrier transport mechanisms 
E)  The dependence of clearance on plasma concentration

Exam 53: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

The plasma concentration at which glucose first appears in the urine is called the

The Tm for a secreted material, X, is

The filtered load of large proteins is

The clearance of inulin

The clearance of inulin is 100 mL min-1 in a patient. His plasm a concentration of solute X is 0.2mg% and a 4-hour urine specimen was 240 m L, with a urinary concentration of solute X of 60 mg% . From this information you can conclude

[TF/P] inulin at the end of the proximal tubule is 3 and at the same place [TF/P]Na = 1. You conclude from this that

Amino acids are

At then end of the proxim al tubule, [TF / P] for glucose is normally

The relatively sm all fraction of proteins filtered by the glom erulus is

Glucose reabsorption

Creatinine clearance is a good approximation to the GFR because creatinine

The filtered load of solute X is calculated as

The graph of the filtered load of inulin plotted against the plasm a concentration of inulin is linear. This is because inulin is

At the end of the proxim al tubule, [TF / P] for am ino acids is normally

The kidney plays a major role in the regulation of plasma concentrations of

The filtered load of glucose per day

The greatest part of water and nutrient reabsorption occurs in the

Splay in renal titration curves is caused by

HCO3- reabsorption in the proxim al tubule

“Splay” refers to

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

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Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

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the Chemical Senses

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the Cardiac Function Curve

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Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

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Anatomy and Renal Overview

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Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake

The clearance of inulin is 100 mL min^-1 in a patient. His plasm a concentration of solute X is 0.2mg% and a 4-hour urine specimen was 240 m L, with a urinary concentration of solute X of 60 mg% . From this information you can conclude

[TF/P] _inulin at the end of the proximal tubule is 3 and at the same place [TF/P]_Na = 1. You conclude from this that

HCO₃- reabsorption in the proxim al tubule