Question 1

Which of the following is NOT part of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cecum 
B)  Ascending colon 
C)  Descending colon 
D)  Sigmoid colon 
E)  Reversing colon 
A)  Cecum 
B)  Ascending colon 
C)  Descending colon 
D)  Sigmoid colon 
E)  Reversing colon E

Question 2

In the ascending contraction

Accepted Answer

A)  Longitudinal muscle relax orad, circular muscles contract orad 
B)  Longitudinal muscles contract orad, circular muscles relax orad 
C)  Longitudinal muscles relax caudad, circular muscles contract caudad 
D)  Longitudinal muscles relax both caudad and orad 
E)  A and C are correct 
A)  Longitudinal muscle relax orad, circular muscles contract orad 
B)  Longitudinal muscles contract orad, circular muscles relax orad 
C)  Longitudinal muscles relax caudad, circular muscles contract caudad 
D)  Longitudinal muscles relax both caudad and orad 
E)  A and C are correct A

Question 3

One of the main functions of the ileocecal valve or sphincter is to

Accepted Answer

A)  Keep ileal contents in the ileum 
B)  Prevent reflux of cecal contents into the ileum 
C)  Limit peristalsis to the small intestine 
D)  Prevent diarrhea 
E)  Allow diarrhea 
A)  Keep ileal contents in the ileum 
B)  Prevent reflux of cecal contents into the ileum 
C)  Limit peristalsis to the small intestine 
D)  Prevent diarrhea 
E)  Allow diarrhea B

Question 4

The Migrating motility complex

Accepted Answer

A)  Occurs immediately following a meal 
B)  Mixes chyme 
C)  Is involved in reverse peristalsis 
D)  Closes the ileocecal valve 
E)  Sweeps everything caudad 
A)  Occurs immediately following a meal 
B)  Mixes chyme 
C)  Is involved in reverse peristalsis 
D)  Closes the ileocecal valve 
E)  Sweeps everything caudad

Question 5

Which of the following generally is NOT a stimulus for vomiting?

Accepted Answer

A)  Motion sickness 
B)  GI irritants such as syrup of ipecac 
C)  Noxious odors 
D)  The gag reflex 
E)  Sexually suggestive photographs 
A)  Motion sickness 
B)  GI irritants such as syrup of ipecac 
C)  Noxious odors 
D)  The gag reflex 
E)  Sexually suggestive photographs

Question 6

Peristalsis is initiated by

Accepted Answer

A)  Interstitial cells of Cajal 
B)  Longitudinal muscle contraction and circular muscle relaxation orad 
C)  Longitudinal muscle relaxation and circular muscle contraction caudad 
D)  Intrinsic primary afferent neurons 
E)  Parasympathetic nervous stimulation 
A)  Interstitial cells of Cajal 
B)  Longitudinal muscle contraction and circular muscle relaxation orad 
C)  Longitudinal muscle relaxation and circular muscle contraction caudad 
D)  Intrinsic primary afferent neurons 
E)  Parasympathetic nervous stimulation

Question 7

The vomiting center is located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  Medulla 
B)  Pons 
C)  Cerebellum 
D)  Hypothalamus 
E)  Basal ganglia 
A)  Medulla 
B)  Pons 
C)  Cerebellum 
D)  Hypothalamus 
E)  Basal ganglia

Question 8

W hich of the following is NOT involved with sympathetic innervation to the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  Celiac ganglion 
B)  Inferior mesenteric ganglion 
C)  Superior mesenteric ganglion 
D)  Splanchnic nerve 
E)  Pelvic nerve 
A)  Celiac ganglion 
B)  Inferior mesenteric ganglion 
C)  Superior mesenteric ganglion 
D)  Splanchnic nerve 
E)  Pelvic nerve

Question 9

Relaxation of intestinal smooth m uscle by sympathetic innervation is caused by activation of

Accepted Answer

A)  $\beta$1 receptors on the nerves 
B)  $\beta$2 receptors on the muscle 
C)  $\alpha$1 receptors on the muscle 
D)  Cholinergic receptors on the muscle 
E)  $\alpha$2 receptors on the muscle 
A)  $\beta$1 receptors on the nerves 
B)  $\beta$2 receptors on the muscle 
C)  $\alpha$1 receptors on the muscle 
D)  Cholinergic receptors on the muscle 
E)  $\alpha$2 receptors on the muscle

Question 10

In peristalsis

Accepted Answer

A)  Longitudinal muscle relax orad, circular muscles contract orad 
B)  Longitudinal muscles contract orad, circular muscles relax orad 
C)  Longitudinal muscles relax caudad, circular muscles contract caudad 
D)  Longitudinal muscles relax both caudad and orad 
E)  A and C are correct 
A)  Longitudinal muscle relax orad, circular muscles contract orad 
B)  Longitudinal muscles contract orad, circular muscles relax orad 
C)  Longitudinal muscles relax caudad, circular muscles contract caudad 
D)  Longitudinal muscles relax both caudad and orad 
E)  A and C are correct

Question 11

The groups of neurons between the outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle layers is the

Accepted Answer

A)  Myenteric plexus 
B)  Submucosal plexus 
C)  Interstitial cells of Cajal 
D)  Celiac ganglion 
E)  Inferior mesenteric ganglion 
A)  Myenteric plexus 
B)  Submucosal plexus 
C)  Interstitial cells of Cajal 
D)  Celiac ganglion 
E)  Inferior mesenteric ganglion

Question 12

Sementation contractions

Accepted Answer

A)  Are local contractions of the circular muscle layer 
B)  Are local contractions of the longitudinal muscle layer 
C)  Are initiated by the parasympathetic nerves 
D)  Result from vagovagal reflexes 
E)  Move material only in the orad to caudad direction 
A)  Are local contractions of the circular muscle layer 
B)  Are local contractions of the longitudinal muscle layer 
C)  Are initiated by the parasympathetic nerves 
D)  Result from vagovagal reflexes 
E)  Move material only in the orad to caudad direction

Question 13

The pattern of gut motility during the interdigestive period is called

Accepted Answer

A)  Segmentation 
B)  Peristalsis 
C)  Quiescence 
D)  Migrating myoelectric complex 
E)  Motilin 
A)  Segmentation 
B)  Peristalsis 
C)  Quiescence 
D)  Migrating myoelectric complex 
E)  Motilin

Question 14

The gastrocolic reflex is

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased stomach motility after a meal 
B)  Relaxation of the stomach during a meal 
C)  Decreased stomach emptying until chym e particle size is small 
D)  Increased colonic activity upon stretch of the stomach 
E)  Increased colonic activity upon stretch of the ileum 
A)  Increased stomach motility after a meal 
B)  Relaxation of the stomach during a meal 
C)  Decreased stomach emptying until chym e particle size is small 
D)  Increased colonic activity upon stretch of the stomach 
E)  Increased colonic activity upon stretch of the ileum

Question 15

W hich of the following statements about the basic electrical rhythm is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The basic electrical rhythm is set by interstitial cells of Cajal 
B)  The basic electrical rhythm is about 10-12 min-1 in the duodenum 
C)  The rate of the basic electrical rhythm increases from orad to caudad 
D)  The frequency of intestinal contractions is set by the basic electrical rhythm 
E)  Parasympathetic stimulation does not alter the frequency of the basic electrical rhythm 
A)  The basic electrical rhythm is set by interstitial cells of Cajal 
B)  The basic electrical rhythm is about 10-12 min-1 in the duodenum 
C)  The rate of the basic electrical rhythm increases from orad to caudad 
D)  The frequency of intestinal contractions is set by the basic electrical rhythm 
E)  Parasympathetic stimulation does not alter the frequency of the basic electrical rhythm

Question 16

The ch em ica l trig ge r zo ne is

Accepted Answer

A)  An area of the medulla whose stimulation by specific chemicals causes vomiting 
B)  A group of chemoreceptors in the carotid body 
C)  A group of chemoreceptors in the aortic arch 
D)  A collection of solitary chemoreceptor cells in the intestine that induce vomiting 
E)  An integrative center in the medulla that coordinates vomiting 
A)  An area of the medulla whose stimulation by specific chemicals causes vomiting 
B)  A group of chemoreceptors in the carotid body 
C)  A group of chemoreceptors in the aortic arch 
D)  A collection of solitary chemoreceptor cells in the intestine that induce vomiting 
E)  An integrative center in the medulla that coordinates vomiting

Question 17

Giant migrating contractions

Accepted Answer

A)  Have small amplitudes but occur at high frequency 
B)  Move fecal material caudad for extended distances 
C)  Appear only during the digestive period 
D)  Are mediated by sympathetic nerves 
E)  Refer to contractions in the ileum 
A)  Have small amplitudes but occur at high frequency 
B)  Move fecal material caudad for extended distances 
C)  Appear only during the digestive period 
D)  Are mediated by sympathetic nerves 
E)  Refer to contractions in the ileum

Question 18

The caliber of the gut (its cross-sectional profile) is set by the

Accepted Answer

A)  Outer longitudinal muscle layer 
B)  Inner longitudinal muscle layer 
C)  Outer circular muscle layer 
D)  Inner circular muscle layer 
E)  Muscularis mucosa 
A)  Outer longitudinal muscle layer 
B)  Inner longitudinal muscle layer 
C)  Outer circular muscle layer 
D)  Inner circular muscle layer 
E)  Muscularis mucosa

Question 19

Vomiting of stomach contents alone should

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase the alkalinity of blood by losing acid from the body 
B)  Increase the acidity of blood by com pensating for the lost acid 
C)  Have no effect on the pH of the blood because of the com pensation by the pancreatic
secretions 
D)  Increase the Cl- concentration of blood by losing more water than Cl-. Decrease the Na+ concentration of blood by losing more Na+ than water 
A)  Increase the alkalinity of blood by losing acid from the body 
B)  Increase the acidity of blood by com pensating for the lost acid 
C)  Have no effect on the pH of the blood because of the com pensation by the pancreatic
secretions 
D)  Increase the Cl- concentration of blood by losing more water than Cl-. Decrease the Na+ concentration of blood by losing more Na+ than water

Question 20

Haustra

Accepted Answer

A)  Result from peristalsis in the large intestine 
B)  Result from local contractions of the tenia coli 
C)  Result from local contractions of the circular muscle 
D)  Are present only during giant migrating contractions 
E)  Move fecal material caudad 
A)  Result from peristalsis in the large intestine 
B)  Result from local contractions of the tenia coli 
C)  Result from local contractions of the circular muscle 
D)  Are present only during giant migrating contractions 
E)  Move fecal material caudad

Exam 57: Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Which of the following is NOT part of the large intestine?

In the ascending contraction

One of the main functions of the ileocecal valve or sphincter is to

The Migrating motility complex

Which of the following generally is NOT a stimulus for vomiting?

Peristalsis is initiated by

The vomiting center is located in the

W hich of the following is NOT involved with sympathetic innervation to the GI tract?

Relaxation of intestinal smooth m uscle by sympathetic innervation is caused by activation of

In peristalsis

The groups of neurons between the outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle layers is the

Sementation contractions

The pattern of gut motility during the interdigestive period is called

The gastrocolic reflex is

W hich of the following statements about the basic electrical rhythm is NOT true?

The ch em ica l trig ge r zo ne is

Giant migrating contractions

The caliber of the gut (its cross-sectional profile) is set by the

Vomiting of stomach contents alone should

Haustra

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake