Question 1

Which of the following is a vasodilator?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thromboxane A2 
B)  Norepinephrine 
C)  Endothelin 
D)  Angiotensin II 
E)  Vasopressin 
A)  Thromboxane A2 
B)  Norepinephrine 
C)  Endothelin 
D)  Angiotensin II 
E)  Vasopressin C

Question 2

The state of contraction of vascular smooth muscle is determined most directly by the

Accepted Answer

A)  Occupancy of receptors for vasoconstrictors or vasodilators 
B)  State of phosphorylation of myosin light chains 
C)  Activation of acto-myosin cross bridges by Ca2+ 
D)  Mem brane potential of the sm ooth m uscle cells 
E)  Electrical coupling of smooth muscle cells through gap junctions 
A)  Occupancy of receptors for vasoconstrictors or vasodilators 
B)  State of phosphorylation of myosin light chains 
C)  Activation of acto-myosin cross bridges by Ca2+ 
D)  Mem brane potential of the sm ooth m uscle cells 
E)  Electrical coupling of smooth muscle cells through gap junctions B

Question 3

The myogenic response of vascular smooth muscle refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  Relaxation in response to stress 
B)  Contraction in response to stretch 
C)  Contraction in response to NO 
D)  Contraction in response to adenosine 
E)  Contraction in response to AII (angiotensin II) 
A)  Relaxation in response to stress 
B)  Contraction in response to stretch 
C)  Contraction in response to NO 
D)  Contraction in response to adenosine 
E)  Contraction in response to AII (angiotensin II) B

Question 4

Contraction of vascular smooth m uscle is controlled by

Accepted Answer

A)  Myosin light chain kinase 
B)  Myosin light chain phosphatase 
C)  The state of light chain phosphorylation 
D)  Ca2+ binding to calmodulin that activates MLCK 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Myosin light chain kinase 
B)  Myosin light chain phosphatase 
C)  The state of light chain phosphorylation 
D)  Ca2+ binding to calmodulin that activates MLCK 
E)  All of the above

Question 5

Pharmacom echanical coupling in vascular smooth muscle

Accepted Answer

A)  Links membrane potential to contraction 
B)  Links binding of a neurotransmitter or hormone to contraction 
C)  Links binding of neurotransmitter to membrane potential 
D)  Requires a membrane potential change on the muscle cell 
E)  Requires a membrane potential change on the SR membrane 
A)  Links membrane potential to contraction 
B)  Links binding of a neurotransmitter or hormone to contraction 
C)  Links binding of neurotransmitter to membrane potential 
D)  Requires a membrane potential change on the muscle cell 
E)  Requires a membrane potential change on the SR membrane

Question 6

Inhibiting the activity of MLCP should

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase the force of contraction without increasing [Ca2+] 
B)  Increase the force of contraction due to increased [Ca2+] 
C)  Increase the force of contraction because of decreased myosin light chain
phosphorylation 
D)  Decrease the force of contraction due to decreased [Ca2+] 
E)  Decrease the force of contraction because of decreased myosin light chain
phosphorylation 
A)  Increase the force of contraction without increasing [Ca2+] 
B)  Increase the force of contraction due to increased [Ca2+] 
C)  Increase the force of contraction because of decreased myosin light chain
phosphorylation 
D)  Decrease the force of contraction due to decreased [Ca2+] 
E)  Decrease the force of contraction because of decreased myosin light chain
phosphorylation

Question 7

In vasoconstriction, the layer of the arteriole or small artery that contracts is the

Accepted Answer

A)  Tunica adventitia 
B)  Tunica media 
C)  Tunica intima 
D)  Endothelial cell layer 
E)  External elastic lamina 
A)  Tunica adventitia 
B)  Tunica media 
C)  Tunica intima 
D)  Endothelial cell layer 
E)  External elastic lamina

Question 8

Sympathetic activation of arterioles causes

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasoconstriction 
B)  Vasodilation 
C)  Venoconstriction 
D)  Venodilation 
E)  Both A and C are correct 
A)  Vasoconstriction 
B)  Vasodilation 
C)  Venoconstriction 
D)  Venodilation 
E)  Both A and C are correct

Question 9

MLCK stands for

Accepted Answer

A)  Myosin light chain kinase 
B)  Myofilament-like creatine kinase 
C)  Myofiliament-linked creatine kinase 
D)  Myofilament-linked cholesterol kinase 
E)  Muscle length-dependent creatine kinase 
A)  Myosin light chain kinase 
B)  Myofilament-like creatine kinase 
C)  Myofiliament-linked creatine kinase 
D)  Myofilament-linked cholesterol kinase 
E)  Muscle length-dependent creatine kinase

Question 10

Sym pathetic stimulation generally

Accepted Answer

A)  Constricts vessels by acting through $\alpha$1 receptors 
B)  Constricts vessels by acting through $\beta$1 receptors 
C)  Dilates vessels by acting through $\alpha$1 receptors 
D)  Constricts vessels by acting through $\beta$2 receptors 
E)  Have no effect as parasympathetic fibers only innervate vascular tissue 
A)  Constricts vessels by acting through $\alpha$1 receptors 
B)  Constricts vessels by acting through $\beta$1 receptors 
C)  Dilates vessels by acting through $\alpha$1 receptors 
D)  Constricts vessels by acting through $\beta$2 receptors 
E)  Have no effect as parasympathetic fibers only innervate vascular tissue

Question 11

Which of the following does not Increase the capillary pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased arterial pressure 
B)  Vasodilation 
C)  Venoconstriction 
D)  Increased caliber of the aterioles 
E)  Increased caliber of the veins 
A)  Increased arterial pressure 
B)  Vasodilation 
C)  Venoconstriction 
D)  Increased caliber of the aterioles 
E)  Increased caliber of the veins

Question 12

Increasing the resistance of the arterioles in a vascular bed m ainly

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases the pressure in the arterioles 
B)  Increases the perfusion of the tissue 
C)  Increases the pressure in the capillaries 
D)  Increases the filtration of fluid out of the capillaries 
E)  Decreases the pressure in the capillaries 
A)  Increases the pressure in the arterioles 
B)  Increases the perfusion of the tissue 
C)  Increases the pressure in the capillaries 
D)  Increases the filtration of fluid out of the capillaries 
E)  Decreases the pressure in the capillaries

Question 13

Electrom echanical coupling in vascular smooth m uscle

Accepted Answer

A)  Links electric fields around the myofilaments to the production of force 
B)  Couples membrane potential of one cell to that of another 
C)  Is responsible for the formation of the functional syncytium 
D)  Couples membrane depolarization to the influx of Ca2+ 
E)  Directly links MLCK to a membrane channel 
A)  Links electric fields around the myofilaments to the production of force 
B)  Couples membrane potential of one cell to that of another 
C)  Is responsible for the formation of the functional syncytium 
D)  Couples membrane depolarization to the influx of Ca2+ 
E)  Directly links MLCK to a membrane channel

Question 14

Which of the following is a vasoconstrictor?

Accepted Answer

A)  NO 
B)  Endothelin 
C)  Thromboxane A2 
D)  Heparin 
E)  Angiotensin II 
A)  NO 
B)  Endothelin 
C)  Thromboxane A2 
D)  Heparin 
E)  Angiotensin II

Exam 42: Regulation of Perfusion

Which of the following is a vasodilator?

The state of contraction of vascular smooth muscle is determined most directly by the

The myogenic response of vascular smooth muscle refers to

Contraction of vascular smooth m uscle is controlled by

Pharmacom echanical coupling in vascular smooth muscle

Inhibiting the activity of MLCP should

In vasoconstriction, the layer of the arteriole or small artery that contracts is the

Sympathetic activation of arterioles causes

MLCK stands for

Sym pathetic stimulation generally

Which of the following does not Increase the capillary pressure?

Increasing the resistance of the arterioles in a vascular bed m ainly

Electrom echanical coupling in vascular smooth m uscle

Which of the following is a vasoconstrictor?

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake

General Principles of Endocrinology

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The Endocrine Pancreas

The Adrenal Cortex

The Adrenal Medulla