Question 1

Match each term with its definition.
-somatic nervous system

Accepted Answer

A) loose meshwork of neurons organized with radial symmetry 
B) cavities in the vertebrate brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid 
C) efferent portion of the PNS that deals with body movements that are under conscious, voluntary control 
D) neuronal activity that occurs without conscious effort; often associated with protection 
E) carries nervous activity from the brain and spinal cord to effector structures
F)composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
G)associated with the ability to speak 
A) loose meshwork of neurons organized with radial symmetry 
B) cavities in the vertebrate brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid 
C) efferent portion of the PNS that deals with body movements that are under conscious, voluntary control 
D) neuronal activity that occurs without conscious effort; often associated with protection 
E) carries nervous activity from the brain and spinal cord to effector structures
F)composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
G)associated with the ability to speak

Question 2

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once.
-stimulation of may result in a sensation of pain

Accepted Answer

A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors 
A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors

Question 3

Which of the following is a reasonable estimation of the duration of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  approximately 5 microseconds 
B)  approximately 5 milliseconds 
C)  approximately 5 centiseconds 
D)  approximately 5 seconds 
A)  approximately 5 microseconds 
B)  approximately 5 milliseconds 
C)  approximately 5 centiseconds 
D)  approximately 5 seconds

Question 4

What is the name of the simplest eye structure that is able to perceive light but NOT form an image?

Accepted Answer

A)  single-lens eye 
B)  ocellus 
C)  ommatidia 
D)  compound eye 
A)  single-lens eye 
B)  ocellus 
C)  ommatidia 
D)  compound eye

Question 5

Which of these portions of the brain is considered part of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

A)  hippocampus 
B)  brainstem 
C)  cerebrum 
D)  cerebellum 
A)  hippocampus 
B)  brainstem 
C)  cerebrum 
D)  cerebellum

Question 6

An action potential is propagated down an unmyelinated neuron plasma membrane because the action potential stimulates certain voltage-gated channels adjacent to it. Which channels are they?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cl- channels 
B)  Ca2+ channels 
C)  Mg+ channels 
D)  Na+ channels 
A)  Cl- channels 
B)  Ca2+ channels 
C)  Mg+ channels 
D)  Na+ channels

Question 7

Figure 45-4  
-In Figure 45-4, which number identifies the sensory hair cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  18 
B)  20 
C)  21 
D)  22 
A)  18 
B)  20 
C)  21 
D)  22

Question 8

Jalapeño peppers contain the chemical capsaicin. Suppose that you lack the nociceptors that bind capsaicin. What would occur if you eat food containing capsaicin?

Accepted Answer

A)  You would have the same sensitivity to capsaicin as most other people. 
B)  You would be especially sensitive to spicy foods containing capsaicin. 
C)  You would be able to eat foods containing capsaicin and not feel any burning in your mouth. 
D)  You would experience a feeling of cold when eating foods containing capsaicin. 
A)  You would have the same sensitivity to capsaicin as most other people. 
B)  You would be especially sensitive to spicy foods containing capsaicin. 
C)  You would be able to eat foods containing capsaicin and not feel any burning in your mouth. 
D)  You would experience a feeling of cold when eating foods containing capsaicin.

Question 9

Grey matter is composed of axons with myelin sheaths.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Cephalization is associated with bilateral symmetry.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is a stimulus that can be perceived by sensory signals?

Accepted Answer

A)  wind 
B)  UV light 
C)  magnetic field 
D)  radiation 
A)  wind 
B)  UV light 
C)  magnetic field 
D)  radiation

Question 12

Many invertebrates have separate and differentiated receptors for taste and smell; others have a single receptor for both.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Explain why adaptation of pain receptors would NOT be desirable and yet the adaptation of other sensory systems is beneficial.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of pain is to reduce damage

Question 14

Identify each lettered cell in the human eye shown.  
-amacrine cell

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered cell in the human...

Question 15

Figure 45-1  
-In the chemical synapse in Figure 45-1which structure represents the axon of the presynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  structure E 
B)  structure D 
C)  structure C 
D)  structure A 
A)  structure E 
B)  structure D 
C)  structure C 
D)  structure A

Question 16

Which of these series places the listed events of chemical synapse transmission in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

A)  action potential reaches axon terminal of  neuron 
B)  action potential reaches axon terminal of presynaptic neuron 
C)  action potential reaches axon terminal of presynaptic 
D)  action potential reaches axon terminal of presynaptic neuron.. 
A)  action potential reaches axon terminal of  neuron 
B)  action potential reaches axon terminal of presynaptic neuron 
C)  action potential reaches axon terminal of presynaptic 
D)  action potential reaches axon terminal of presynaptic neuron..

Question 17

Match each term with its description.
-membrane potential

Accepted Answer

A) electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane 
B) subthreshold change in membrane potential toward the threshold potential of a neuron 
C) membrane potential of an excitable membrane when it is not being stimulated 
D) subthreshold change in membrane potential away from the threshold potential of a neuron 
E) abrupt, transient change in membrane potential, consisting of membrane depolarization followed by repolarization
F)minimum membrane potential required to form an action potential
G)any subthreshold change in membrane potential whose effects are additive 
A) electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane 
B) subthreshold change in membrane potential toward the threshold potential of a neuron 
C) membrane potential of an excitable membrane when it is not being stimulated 
D) subthreshold change in membrane potential away from the threshold potential of a neuron 
E) abrupt, transient change in membrane potential, consisting of membrane depolarization followed by repolarization
F)minimum membrane potential required to form an action potential
G)any subthreshold change in membrane potential whose effects are additive

Question 18

If an area of the body, such as the lips or fingers, is represented by a large area in the primary somatosensory area, then what do those areas have?

Accepted Answer

A)  a small number of local receptors, but a great deal of precision of touch and movement 
B)  a great deal of precision in speech 
C)  a large number of local receptors 
D)  a great deal of numbness 
A)  a small number of local receptors, but a great deal of precision of touch and movement 
B)  a great deal of precision in speech 
C)  a large number of local receptors 
D)  a great deal of numbness

Question 19

Match each term with its definition.
-vestibular apparatus

Accepted Answer

A) single units of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the eardrum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects 
A) single units of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the eardrum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects

Question 20

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown.  
-vitreous humour

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered part of the human...

Exam 45: Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Match each term with its definition. -somatic nervous system

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once. -stimulation of may result in a sensation of pain

Which of the following is a reasonable estimation of the duration of an action potential?

What is the name of the simplest eye structure that is able to perceive light but NOT form an image?

Which of these portions of the brain is considered part of the limbic system?

An action potential is propagated down an unmyelinated neuron plasma membrane because the action potential stimulates certain voltage-gated channels adjacent to it. Which channels are they?

Figure 45-4 -In Figure 45-4, which number identifies the sensory hair cells?

Jalapeño peppers contain the chemical capsaicin. Suppose that you lack the nociceptors that bind capsaicin. What would occur if you eat food containing capsaicin?

Grey matter is composed of axons with myelin sheaths.

Cephalization is associated with bilateral symmetry.

Which of the following is a stimulus that can be perceived by sensory signals?

Many invertebrates have separate and differentiated receptors for taste and smell; others have a single receptor for both.

Explain why adaptation of pain receptors would NOT be desirable and yet the adaptation of other sensory systems is beneficial.

Identify each lettered cell in the human eye shown. -amacrine cell

Figure 45-1 -In the chemical synapse in Figure 45-1which structure represents the axon of the presynaptic neuron?

Which of these series places the listed events of chemical synapse transmission in the correct order?

Match each term with its description. -membrane potential

If an area of the body, such as the lips or fingers, is represented by a large area in the primary somatosensory area, then what do those areas have?

Match each term with its definition. -vestibular apparatus

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown. -vitreous humour

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

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