Question 1

Identify each lettered part of the neuromast shown.  
-supporting cell

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered part of the neuromast...

Question 2

Which eye is the best at detecting motion?

Accepted Answer

A)  ocellus 
B)  photoreceptor 
C)  single-lens eye 
D)  compound eye 
A)  ocellus 
B)  photoreceptor 
C)  single-lens eye 
D)  compound eye

Question 3

Which of these neuron locations have the greatest density of voltage-gated Na+ channels, thus resulting in the lowest threshold potential along a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  axon terminals 
B)  cell bodies 
C)  axon hillocks 
D)  dendrites 
A)  axon terminals 
B)  cell bodies 
C)  axon hillocks 
D)  dendrites

Question 4

According to the text, what happens to the magnitude of an action potential as it is propagated down an excitable membrane and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases because it is a threshold principle. 
B)  It increases because it is an all-or-nothing principle. 
C)  It remains constant because it is an all-or-nothing principle. 
D)  It remains constant because it is a threshold principle. 
A)  It increases because it is a threshold principle. 
B)  It increases because it is an all-or-nothing principle. 
C)  It remains constant because it is an all-or-nothing principle. 
D)  It remains constant because it is a threshold principle.

Question 5

What is the combined function of the malleus, incus, and stapes?

Accepted Answer

A)  to convert the mechanical vibration of the tympanic membrane into a pressure wave in the cochlear duct 
B)  to amplify the vibrations of the eardrum 
C)  to convert the oval window's vibrations into vibrations of the tympanic membrane 
D)  to equalize the pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane 
A)  to convert the mechanical vibration of the tympanic membrane into a pressure wave in the cochlear duct 
B)  to amplify the vibrations of the eardrum 
C)  to convert the oval window's vibrations into vibrations of the tympanic membrane 
D)  to equalize the pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

Question 6

Identify each lettered part of the neuromast shown.  
-afferent nerve fibre

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered part of the neuromast...

Question 7

Match each term with its definition.
-aqueous humour

Accepted Answer

A) single units of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the eardrum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects 
A) single units of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the eardrum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects

Question 8

What would be the predicted outcome for a person having eyes that lack a lens but are otherwise fully functional?

Accepted Answer

A)  The person would be able to perceive light and even colours, including solid colour, over a large area, but not details. 
B)  The person would be totally blind. 
C)  The person would be able to see some details and read print, but only if the text is written in large, black letters. 
D)  The person would have normal vision if wearing glasses. 
A)  The person would be able to perceive light and even colours, including solid colour, over a large area, but not details. 
B)  The person would be totally blind. 
C)  The person would be able to see some details and read print, but only if the text is written in large, black letters. 
D)  The person would have normal vision if wearing glasses.

Question 9

Match each term with its definition.
-rhodopsin

Accepted Answer

A) single units of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the eardrum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects 
A) single units of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the eardrum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects

Question 10

The human vestibular apparatus is a non-adapting sensory system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Match each situation to the most appropriate term.
-the phase of an action potential when the membrane potential becomes more positive

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization 
A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization

Question 12

Which cells connect different photoreceptor cells to each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  bipolar cells 
B)  horizontal cells 
C)  rod cells 
D)  amacrine cells 
A)  bipolar cells 
B)  horizontal cells 
C)  rod cells 
D)  amacrine cells

Question 13

Which of these terms refers to the phenomenon of brain function occurring in predominately one of the two hemispheres?

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition 
B)  hemisphere association 
C)  consciousness 
D)  lateralization 
A)  recognition 
B)  hemisphere association 
C)  consciousness 
D)  lateralization

Question 14

In vertebrates, what does the CNS consist of?

Accepted Answer

A)  the brain and grey matter 
B)  the brain and the spinal cord 
C)  the brain and reflexes 
D)  the spinal cord and grey matter 
A)  the brain and grey matter 
B)  the brain and the spinal cord 
C)  the brain and reflexes 
D)  the spinal cord and grey matter

Question 15

Match each term with its definition.
-otoliths

Accepted Answer

A) single units of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the eardrum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects 
A) single units of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the eardrum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects

Question 16

What is the function of pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  to cause an organism to decrease exposure to a damaging stimulus 
B)  to elicit a reflex response 
C)  to cause an organism to move toward a damaging stimulus 
D)  to protect an organism from encountering harmful conditions 
A)  to cause an organism to decrease exposure to a damaging stimulus 
B)  to elicit a reflex response 
C)  to cause an organism to move toward a damaging stimulus 
D)  to protect an organism from encountering harmful conditions

Question 17

Which lobe of the cerebrum of the human brain is correctly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal lobe: general sensory recognition 
B)  occipital lobe: visual recognition 
C)  temporal lobe: primary motor reaction 
D)  parietal lobe: facial recognition 
A)  frontal lobe: general sensory recognition 
B)  occipital lobe: visual recognition 
C)  temporal lobe: primary motor reaction 
D)  parietal lobe: facial recognition

Question 18

Match each term with its definition.
-electroreceptors

Accepted Answer

A) single units of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the eardrum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects 
A) single units of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the eardrum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects

Question 19

Which of the following will be caused in the postsynaptic membrane by the binding of a neurotransmitter to ligand-gated Na+ channels?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperpolarization 
B)  depolarization 
C)  repolarization 
D)  apolarization 
A)  hyperpolarization 
B)  depolarization 
C)  repolarization 
D)  apolarization

Question 20

Which of these statements applies to magnetoreceptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  well-characterized and understood 
B)  known to rely on the mineral magnetite 
C)  known to allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field 
D)  have been studied primarily in homing pigeons 
A)  well-characterized and understood 
B)  known to rely on the mineral magnetite 
C)  known to allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field 
D)  have been studied primarily in homing pigeons

Exam 45: Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Identify each lettered part of the neuromast shown. -supporting cell

Which eye is the best at detecting motion?

Which of these neuron locations have the greatest density of voltage-gated Na+ channels, thus resulting in the lowest threshold potential along a neuron?

According to the text, what happens to the magnitude of an action potential as it is propagated down an excitable membrane and why?

What is the combined function of the malleus, incus, and stapes?

Identify each lettered part of the neuromast shown. -afferent nerve fibre

Match each term with its definition. -aqueous humour

What would be the predicted outcome for a person having eyes that lack a lens but are otherwise fully functional?

Match each term with its definition. -rhodopsin

The human vestibular apparatus is a non-adapting sensory system.

Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -the phase of an action potential when the membrane potential becomes more positive

Which cells connect different photoreceptor cells to each other?

Which of these terms refers to the phenomenon of brain function occurring in predominately one of the two hemispheres?

In vertebrates, what does the CNS consist of?

Match each term with its definition. -otoliths

What is the function of pain?

Which lobe of the cerebrum of the human brain is correctly paired with its function?

Match each term with its definition. -electroreceptors

Which of the following will be caused in the postsynaptic membrane by the binding of a neurotransmitter to ligand-gated Na+ channels?

Which of these statements applies to magnetoreceptors?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Filters

Which of these neuron locations have the greatest density of voltage-gated Na⁺ channels, thus resulting in the lowest threshold potential along a neuron?

Which of the following will be caused in the postsynaptic membrane by the binding of a neurotransmitter to ligand-gated Na⁺ channels?