Question 1

Match each term with its definition.
-muscle spindles

Accepted Answer

A) single units of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the eardrum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects 
A) single units of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the eardrum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects

Question 2

Figure 45-3  
-In Figure 45-3, which number identifies the structure that detects spinning motions?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  7 
C)  8 
D)  10 
A)  3 
B)  7 
C)  8 
D)  10

Question 3

Match each term with its definition.
-ventricles

Accepted Answer

A) loose meshwork of neurons organized with radial symmetry 
B) cavities in the vertebrate brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid 
C) efferent portion of the PNS that deals with body movements that are under conscious, voluntary control 
D) neuronal activity that occurs without conscious effort; often associated with protection 
E) carries nervous activity from the brain and spinal cord to effector structures
F)composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
G)associated with the ability to speak 
A) loose meshwork of neurons organized with radial symmetry 
B) cavities in the vertebrate brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid 
C) efferent portion of the PNS that deals with body movements that are under conscious, voluntary control 
D) neuronal activity that occurs without conscious effort; often associated with protection 
E) carries nervous activity from the brain and spinal cord to effector structures
F)composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
G)associated with the ability to speak

Question 4

Which of the following conduct(s) electrical signals away from the cell body of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  the dendrites 
B)  an axon terminal 
C)  an axon 
D)  the nucleus 
A)  the dendrites 
B)  an axon terminal 
C)  an axon 
D)  the nucleus

Question 5

What is the typical resting potential of an isolated neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  -100 mV 
B)  -90 mV 
C)  -70 mV 
D)  -60 mV 
A)  -100 mV 
B)  -90 mV 
C)  -70 mV 
D)  -60 mV

Question 6

The parasympathetic division predominates in situations involving stress.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Identify each lettered cell in the human eye shown.  
-ganglion

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered cell in the human...

Question 8

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown.  
-fovea

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered part of the human...

Question 9

Which of the following is a feature of sensory adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases one's sensitivity to constant stimuli. 
B)  It is associated primarily with pain receptors. 
C)  It functions the same way in all types of sensory receptors. 
D)  It increases one's sensitivity to changes in environmental stimuli. 
A)  It increases one's sensitivity to constant stimuli. 
B)  It is associated primarily with pain receptors. 
C)  It functions the same way in all types of sensory receptors. 
D)  It increases one's sensitivity to changes in environmental stimuli.

Question 10

What happens to a neuron's membrane when its membrane potential becomes less negative?

Accepted Answer

A)  It becomes depolarized. 
B)  It becomes hyperpolarized. 
C)  It becomes hypopolarized. 
D)  It becomes repolarized. 
A)  It becomes depolarized. 
B)  It becomes hyperpolarized. 
C)  It becomes hypopolarized. 
D)  It becomes repolarized.

Question 11

Which sentence presents characteristics of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic systems respectively?

Accepted Answer

A)  One controls external stimuli and the other controls internal stimuli. 
B)  One generally predominates during physical activity and the other predominates during nonphysical activity. 
C)  Both release norepinephrine. 
D)  One is under voluntary control and the other is under involuntary control. 
A)  One controls external stimuli and the other controls internal stimuli. 
B)  One generally predominates during physical activity and the other predominates during nonphysical activity. 
C)  Both release norepinephrine. 
D)  One is under voluntary control and the other is under involuntary control.

Question 12

Which cells relay messages from photoreceptor cells to other cells that are NOT photoreceptor cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  horizontal cells 
B)  amacrine cells 
C)  rods and cones 
D)  bipolar cells 
A)  horizontal cells 
B)  amacrine cells 
C)  rods and cones 
D)  bipolar cells

Question 13

How does an insect such as a moth or cricket detect sound?

Accepted Answer

A)  through specialized tympanic membranes located near the head 
B)  through a series of mechanoreceptors arranged in a lateral line 
C)  through general mechanoreceptors on its skin 
D)  through a thinned region of the exoskeleton 
A)  through specialized tympanic membranes located near the head 
B)  through a series of mechanoreceptors arranged in a lateral line 
C)  through general mechanoreceptors on its skin 
D)  through a thinned region of the exoskeleton

Question 14

Match each term with its description.
-action potential

Accepted Answer

A) electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane 
B) subthreshold change in membrane potential toward the threshold potential of a neuron 
C) membrane potential of an excitable membrane when it is not being stimulated 
D) subthreshold change in membrane potential away from the threshold potential of a neuron 
E) abrupt, transient change in membrane potential, consisting of membrane depolarization followed by repolarization
F)minimum membrane potential required to form an action potential
G)any subthreshold change in membrane potential whose effects are additive 
A) electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane 
B) subthreshold change in membrane potential toward the threshold potential of a neuron 
C) membrane potential of an excitable membrane when it is not being stimulated 
D) subthreshold change in membrane potential away from the threshold potential of a neuron 
E) abrupt, transient change in membrane potential, consisting of membrane depolarization followed by repolarization
F)minimum membrane potential required to form an action potential
G)any subthreshold change in membrane potential whose effects are additive

Question 15

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once.
-perceive damage in some internal organs

Accepted Answer

A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors 
A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors

Question 16

Which brain structure is correctly matched to its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebral cortex: to carry out all higher brain functions 
B)  cerebellum: to induce drowsiness 
C)  thalamus: to regulate basic homeostatic functions 
D)  hypothalamus: to coordinate body movement 
A)  cerebral cortex: to carry out all higher brain functions 
B)  cerebellum: to induce drowsiness 
C)  thalamus: to regulate basic homeostatic functions 
D)  hypothalamus: to coordinate body movement

Question 17

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown.  
-iris

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered part of the human...

Question 18

A particular type of sensory neuron will relay information only about that sensory input.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which sequence places the components of a neural signalling pathway in the correct order, from beginning to end?

Accepted Answer

A)  reception, integration, transmission, response 
B)  integration, transmission, reception, response 
C)  response, reception, transmission, integration 
D)  transmission, integration, reception, response 
A)  reception, integration, transmission, response 
B)  integration, transmission, reception, response 
C)  response, reception, transmission, integration 
D)  transmission, integration, reception, response

Question 20

Match each situation to the most appropriate term.
-occurs in a postsynaptic membrane when ligand-gated Cl- channels open

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization 
A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization

Exam 45: Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Match each term with its definition. -muscle spindles

Figure 45-3 -In Figure 45-3, which number identifies the structure that detects spinning motions?

Match each term with its definition. -ventricles

Which of the following conduct(s) electrical signals away from the cell body of a neuron?

What is the typical resting potential of an isolated neuron?

The parasympathetic division predominates in situations involving stress.

Identify each lettered cell in the human eye shown. -ganglion

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown. -fovea

Which of the following is a feature of sensory adaptation?

What happens to a neuron's membrane when its membrane potential becomes less negative?

Which sentence presents characteristics of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic systems respectively?

Which cells relay messages from photoreceptor cells to other cells that are NOT photoreceptor cells?

How does an insect such as a moth or cricket detect sound?

Match each term with its description. -action potential

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once. -perceive damage in some internal organs

Which brain structure is correctly matched to its function?

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown. -iris

A particular type of sensory neuron will relay information only about that sensory input.

Which sequence places the components of a neural signalling pathway in the correct order, from beginning to end?

Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -occurs in a postsynaptic membrane when ligand-gated Cl- channels open

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Filters

Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -occurs in a postsynaptic membrane when ligand-gated Cl^- channels open