Question 1

If the cerebellum is damaged, an individual would have problems with balance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following refers to an abrupt and transient change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  resting potential 
B)  refractory potential 
C)  action potential 
D)  threshold potential 
A)  resting potential 
B)  refractory potential 
C)  action potential 
D)  threshold potential

Question 3

Match each term with its definition.
-tympanic membrane

Accepted Answer

A) single units of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the eardrum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects 
A) single units of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the eardrum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects

Question 4

What is cephalization in animals most associated with?

Accepted Answer

A)  bilateral symmetry 
B)  ganglia 
C)  nerves 
D)  nerve nets 
A)  bilateral symmetry 
B)  ganglia 
C)  nerves 
D)  nerve nets

Question 5

Explain how neuron action potential propagation rate can be increased.

Accepted Answer

Neuron action potential propagation can

Question 6

Which structure, if lost, would render a fish unable to school?

Accepted Answer

A)  the lateral line 
B)  the statocyst 
C)  the eyes 
D)  the vestibular apparatus 
A)  the lateral line 
B)  the statocyst 
C)  the eyes 
D)  the vestibular apparatus

Question 7

Depolarization occurs due to the diffusion of K+ across a neuron plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once.
-detect the flow of heat energy

Accepted Answer

A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors 
A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors

Question 9

Identify each lettered cell in the human eye shown.  
-horizontal cell

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered cell in the human...

Question 10

Which of the following are the only receptors to make direct contact with brain interneurons rather than afferent neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  taste receptors 
B)  photoreceptors 
C)  olfactory receptors 
D)  mechanoreceptors 
A)  taste receptors 
B)  photoreceptors 
C)  olfactory receptors 
D)  mechanoreceptors

Question 11

Suppose that a person suffered a stroke that resulted in a blood clot reducing blood flow in the brain. Also suppose that the person is unable to say words, but is able to read and understand text. Which of the following best explains this person's problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  The reduced blood flow damaged Wernicke's area of the temporal lobe. 
B)  The interruption in blood flow affected the corpus callosum. 
C)  The cortex of the cerebellum was affected by the reduced blood flow. 
D)  The reduced blood flow damaged Broca's area of the temporal lobe. 
A)  The reduced blood flow damaged Wernicke's area of the temporal lobe. 
B)  The interruption in blood flow affected the corpus callosum. 
C)  The cortex of the cerebellum was affected by the reduced blood flow. 
D)  The reduced blood flow damaged Broca's area of the temporal lobe.

Question 12

Where is the tympanic membrane in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  between the middle ear and the inner ear 
B)  adjacent to the stapes 
C)  in the outer ear, adjacent to the pinna 
D)  between the ear canal and the middle ear's cavity 
A)  between the middle ear and the inner ear 
B)  adjacent to the stapes 
C)  in the outer ear, adjacent to the pinna 
D)  between the ear canal and the middle ear's cavity

Question 13

In animals with a brain, what are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  cranial and spinal nerves 
B)  central and peripheral nervous systems 
C)  nerves from the brain and the peripheral systems 
D)  autonomic and peripheral systems 
A)  cranial and spinal nerves 
B)  central and peripheral nervous systems 
C)  nerves from the brain and the peripheral systems 
D)  autonomic and peripheral systems

Question 14

Suppose your finger touches a hot pot on the stove. What process happens to make you move your hand away?

Accepted Answer

A)  a programmed movement that does not change anything 
B)  a programmed movement that takes place without any effort 
C)  a programmed movement that takes place with a conscious effort 
D)  a programmed movement that takes place without conscious effort 
A)  a programmed movement that does not change anything 
B)  a programmed movement that takes place without any effort 
C)  a programmed movement that takes place with a conscious effort 
D)  a programmed movement that takes place without conscious effort

Question 15

EPSPs can form due to the diffusion of Na+ across a neuron plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What is the occipital lobe of the brain responsible for?

Accepted Answer

A)  smell 
B)  vision 
C)  speech 
D)  memory 
A)  smell 
B)  vision 
C)  speech 
D)  memory

Question 17

Which of the following can neuropeptide neurotransmitters do?

Accepted Answer

A)  act as pain reducers and initiate euphoria 
B)  act as a postsynaptic membrane inhibitor 
C)  act as a direct neurotransmitter between neurons and muscle cells 
D)  directly open K+ channels to inhibit neurons 
A)  act as pain reducers and initiate euphoria 
B)  act as a postsynaptic membrane inhibitor 
C)  act as a direct neurotransmitter between neurons and muscle cells 
D)  directly open K+ channels to inhibit neurons

Question 18

Valium is a drug that causes voltage-gated Cl- channels to open. What effects would this cause in a postsynaptic membrane?

Accepted Answer

Valium would cause hyperpolari

Question 19

Neuromasts are always located on the fish's body surface.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

How is the intensity of an electrical impulse reflected?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the magnitude of action potentials 
B)  in the frequency of action potentials 
C)  in the duration of action potentials 
D)  in the intensity of action potentials 
A)  in the magnitude of action potentials 
B)  in the frequency of action potentials 
C)  in the duration of action potentials 
D)  in the intensity of action potentials

Exam 45: Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

If the cerebellum is damaged, an individual would have problems with balance.

Which of the following refers to an abrupt and transient change in membrane potential?

Match each term with its definition. -tympanic membrane

What is cephalization in animals most associated with?

Explain how neuron action potential propagation rate can be increased.

Which structure, if lost, would render a fish unable to school?

Depolarization occurs due to the diffusion of K+ across a neuron plasma membrane.

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once. -detect the flow of heat energy

Identify each lettered cell in the human eye shown. -horizontal cell

Which of the following are the only receptors to make direct contact with brain interneurons rather than afferent neurons?

Suppose that a person suffered a stroke that resulted in a blood clot reducing blood flow in the brain. Also suppose that the person is unable to say words, but is able to read and understand text. Which of the following best explains this person's problem?

Where is the tympanic membrane in humans?

In animals with a brain, what are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

Suppose your finger touches a hot pot on the stove. What process happens to make you move your hand away?

EPSPs can form due to the diffusion of Na+ across a neuron plasma membrane.

What is the occipital lobe of the brain responsible for?

Which of the following can neuropeptide neurotransmitters do?

Valium is a drug that causes voltage-gated Cl- channels to open. What effects would this cause in a postsynaptic membrane?

Neuromasts are always located on the fish's body surface.

How is the intensity of an electrical impulse reflected?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Filters

Depolarization occurs due to the diffusion of K⁺ across a neuron plasma membrane.

EPSPs can form due to the diffusion of Na⁺ across a neuron plasma membrane.

Valium is a drug that causes voltage-gated Cl^- channels to open. What effects would this cause in a postsynaptic membrane?