Question 1

What are electroreceptors usually used for?

Accepted Answer

A)  generation of electrical fields in some invertebrates that have special electric organs 
B)  communication between primates 
C)  navigational purposes by fishes only 
D)  communication, navigation, and hunting by the organisms that possess them 
A)  generation of electrical fields in some invertebrates that have special electric organs 
B)  communication between primates 
C)  navigational purposes by fishes only 
D)  communication, navigation, and hunting by the organisms that possess them

Question 2

The additive effect of one neuron sending many EPSPs to another neuron over a brief period of time is called spatial summation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following is the route through which sensory information is transmitted to the CNS?

Accepted Answer

A)  by the efferent neurons of the autonomic nervous system 
B)  by the somatic neurons of the peripheral nervous system 
C)  by the somatic neurons of the sympathetic division 
D)  by the afferent neurons of the peripheral nervous system 
A)  by the efferent neurons of the autonomic nervous system 
B)  by the somatic neurons of the peripheral nervous system 
C)  by the somatic neurons of the sympathetic division 
D)  by the afferent neurons of the peripheral nervous system

Question 4

Figure 45-1  
-Refer Figure 45-1. When comparing electrical synapses and chemical synapses, what structures are found only in electrical synapses?

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic clefts 
B)  gap junctions 
C)  neurotransmitters 
D)  postsynaptic plasma cell receptors 
A)  synaptic clefts 
B)  gap junctions 
C)  neurotransmitters 
D)  postsynaptic plasma cell receptors

Question 5

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown.  
-lens

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered part of the human...

Question 6

Figure 45-1  
-In the chemical synapse in Figure 45-1, which structure represents the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

A)  structure B 
B)  structure C 
C)  structure D 
D)  structure E 
A)  structure B 
B)  structure C 
C)  structure D 
D)  structure E

Question 7

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown.  
-blind spot

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered part of the human...

Question 8

Which of the following is a possible result of EPSP and IPSP activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of an unusually strong action potential 
B)  formation of an unusually strong presynaptic potential 
C)  temporal summation in a postsynaptic neuron 
D)  temporal summation in a presynaptic neuron 
A)  formation of an unusually strong action potential 
B)  formation of an unusually strong presynaptic potential 
C)  temporal summation in a postsynaptic neuron 
D)  temporal summation in a presynaptic neuron

Question 9

How is it that humans can perceive multiple sounds at once?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans have two ears, each perceiving a subset of frequencies in the environment. 
B)  Each portion of the basilar membrane vibrates at a unique frequency, and multiple regions can be stimulated at the same time. 
C)  The fluid in the middle ear can transmit multiple frequencies to the oval window. 
D)  The more frequencies of sounds that are present, the farther the sound travels into the cochlea. 
A)  Humans have two ears, each perceiving a subset of frequencies in the environment. 
B)  Each portion of the basilar membrane vibrates at a unique frequency, and multiple regions can be stimulated at the same time. 
C)  The fluid in the middle ear can transmit multiple frequencies to the oval window. 
D)  The more frequencies of sounds that are present, the farther the sound travels into the cochlea.

Question 10

Human thermoreceptors that respond at temperatures of 45?0?C and above produce a pain response rather than participating in thermoregulation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once.
-perceive light energy

Accepted Answer

A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors 
A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors

Question 12

Saltatory conduction is the slowest form of action potential propagation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Figure 45-2  
-In the action potential diagram in Figure 45-2, at what point are Na+ inactivation gates opening and K+ activation gates closing?

Accepted Answer

A)  point E 
B)  point D 
C)  point B 
D)  point A 
A)  point E 
B)  point D 
C)  point B 
D)  point A

Question 14

If an action potential persists for one minute or longer, an increase in the strength of synaptic connections develops. Which term refers to the resulting establishment of memory between two neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  long-term potentiation 
B)  cephalization association 
C)  consciousness potentiation 
D)  lateralization 
A)  long-term potentiation 
B)  cephalization association 
C)  consciousness potentiation 
D)  lateralization

Question 15

Which structures are used by electrical synapses during signal transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  vesicles 
B)  neurotransmitters 
C)  Ca2+ 
D)  gap junctions 
A)  vesicles 
B)  neurotransmitters 
C)  Ca2+ 
D)  gap junctions

Question 16

Which cells are located in the brain and spinal cord of vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent neurons 
B)  efferent neurons 
C)  motor neurons 
D)  interneurons 
A)  afferent neurons 
B)  efferent neurons 
C)  motor neurons 
D)  interneurons

Question 17

Identify each lettered part of the vestibular apparatus shown.  
-posterior semicircular canal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered part of the vestibular...

Question 18

During an action potential, what level can the membrane potential reach?

Accepted Answer

A)  as high as +70 mV 
B)  as high as +60 mV 
C)  as high as +50 mV 
D)  as high as +30 mV 
A)  as high as +70 mV 
B)  as high as +60 mV 
C)  as high as +50 mV 
D)  as high as +30 mV

Question 19

Which portion of the nervous system is responsible for increasing heart rate, as well as increasing movement of the intestines?

Accepted Answer

A)  somatic nervous system 
B)  parasympathetic division 
C)  sympathetic division 
D)  autonomic nervous system 
A)  somatic nervous system 
B)  parasympathetic division 
C)  sympathetic division 
D)  autonomic nervous system

Question 20

Which of the following occurs when threshold potential is reached?

Accepted Answer

A)  The activation gates of Na+ channels open. 
B)  The inactivation gates of Na+ channels open. 
C)  The activation gates of Na+ channels close. 
D)  Na+/K+ active transport pumps are activated. 
A)  The activation gates of Na+ channels open. 
B)  The inactivation gates of Na+ channels open. 
C)  The activation gates of Na+ channels close. 
D)  Na+/K+ active transport pumps are activated.

Exam 45: Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

What are electroreceptors usually used for?

The additive effect of one neuron sending many EPSPs to another neuron over a brief period of time is called spatial summation.

Which of the following is the route through which sensory information is transmitted to the CNS?

Figure 45-1 -Refer Figure 45-1. When comparing electrical synapses and chemical synapses, what structures are found only in electrical synapses?

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown. -lens

Figure 45-1 -In the chemical synapse in Figure 45-1, which structure represents the synaptic cleft?

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown. -blind spot

Which of the following is a possible result of EPSP and IPSP activity?

How is it that humans can perceive multiple sounds at once?

Human thermoreceptors that respond at temperatures of 45?0?C and above produce a pain response rather than participating in thermoregulation.

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once. -perceive light energy

Saltatory conduction is the slowest form of action potential propagation.

Figure 45-2 -In the action potential diagram in Figure 45-2, at what point are Na+ inactivation gates opening and K+ activation gates closing?

If an action potential persists for one minute or longer, an increase in the strength of synaptic connections develops. Which term refers to the resulting establishment of memory between two neurons?

Which structures are used by electrical synapses during signal transmission?

Which cells are located in the brain and spinal cord of vertebrates?

Identify each lettered part of the vestibular apparatus shown. -posterior semicircular canal

During an action potential, what level can the membrane potential reach?

Which portion of the nervous system is responsible for increasing heart rate, as well as increasing movement of the intestines?

Which of the following occurs when threshold potential is reached?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Filters

Figure 45-2 -In the action potential diagram in Figure 45-2, at what point are Na⁺ inactivation gates opening and K⁺ activation gates closing?