Question 1

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown.  
-ciliary body

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered part of the human...

Question 2

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once.
-detect an increase in pressure against the skin

Accepted Answer

A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors 
A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors

Question 3

What organic macromolecules allow myelinated sheaths to act as electrical insulators?

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins 
B)  lipids 
C)  carbohydrates 
D)  nucleic acids 
A)  proteins 
B)  lipids 
C)  carbohydrates 
D)  nucleic acids

Question 4

Which of the following is involved in abstract reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  the right hemisphere in most people 
B)  the left hemisphere in most people 
C)  the left hemisphere in all people 
D)  the right hemisphere in all people 
A)  the right hemisphere in most people 
B)  the left hemisphere in most people 
C)  the left hemisphere in all people 
D)  the right hemisphere in all people

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of electroreceptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  to repolarize in an electric field; the receptor cell generates postsynaptic potential 
B)  to depolarize in an electric field; the receptor cell generates postsynaptic potential 
C)  to depolarize in an electric field; the receptor cell generates action potential 
D)  to repolarize in an electric field; the receptor cell generates action potential 
A)  to repolarize in an electric field; the receptor cell generates postsynaptic potential 
B)  to depolarize in an electric field; the receptor cell generates postsynaptic potential 
C)  to depolarize in an electric field; the receptor cell generates action potential 
D)  to repolarize in an electric field; the receptor cell generates action potential

Question 6

Match each term with its description.
-graded potential

Accepted Answer

A) electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane 
B) subthreshold change in membrane potential toward the threshold potential of a neuron 
C) membrane potential of an excitable membrane when it is not being stimulated 
D) subthreshold change in membrane potential away from the threshold potential of a neuron 
E) abrupt, transient change in membrane potential, consisting of membrane depolarization followed by repolarization
F)minimum membrane potential required to form an action potential
G)any subthreshold change in membrane potential whose effects are additive 
A) electrical potential difference across a plasma membrane 
B) subthreshold change in membrane potential toward the threshold potential of a neuron 
C) membrane potential of an excitable membrane when it is not being stimulated 
D) subthreshold change in membrane potential away from the threshold potential of a neuron 
E) abrupt, transient change in membrane potential, consisting of membrane depolarization followed by repolarization
F)minimum membrane potential required to form an action potential
G)any subthreshold change in membrane potential whose effects are additive

Question 7

Vesicles containing neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft when levels of which of these ions rise within the axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+ 
B)  Na+ 
C)  H+ 
D)  Cl- 
A)  Ca2+ 
B)  Na+ 
C)  H+ 
D)  Cl-

Question 8

For which of these axons might you expect action potential propagation to be the fastest?

Accepted Answer

A)  a myelinated axon with a large diameter 
B)  an unmyelinated axon with a small diameter 
C)  a myelinated axon with a small diameter 
D)  a myelinated axon of any diameter 
A)  a myelinated axon with a large diameter 
B)  an unmyelinated axon with a small diameter 
C)  a myelinated axon with a small diameter 
D)  a myelinated axon of any diameter

Question 9

What type of neuron directly stimulates a muscle or gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  efferent neuron 
B)  interneuron 
C)  afferent neuron 
D)  sensory neuron 
A)  efferent neuron 
B)  interneuron 
C)  afferent neuron 
D)  sensory neuron

Question 10

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once.
-perceive temperature changes on the body's surface

Accepted Answer

A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors 
A) mechanoreceptors 
B) photoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) thermoreceptors 
E) nociceptors

Question 11

Which of the following are features of cones and rods?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cones respond to particular wavelengths (colours); rods perceive light at low intensity without colour perception. 
B)  Cones perceive light at low intensities without colour perception; rods respond to particular wavelengths (colours). 
C)  Cones are more sensitive to single photons of light than are rods. 
D)  Humans have approximately equal numbers of cones and rods, but the cones are localized primarily in the fovea. 
A)  Cones respond to particular wavelengths (colours); rods perceive light at low intensity without colour perception. 
B)  Cones perceive light at low intensities without colour perception; rods respond to particular wavelengths (colours). 
C)  Cones are more sensitive to single photons of light than are rods. 
D)  Humans have approximately equal numbers of cones and rods, but the cones are localized primarily in the fovea.

Question 12

Match each situation to the most appropriate term.
-occurs due to the diffusion of Na+

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization 
A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization

Question 13

Match each situation to the most appropriate term.
-an EPSP

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization 
A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization

Question 14

In humans, which neurons are composed of the greatest number of cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  motor neurons 
B)  efferent neurons 
C)  interneurons 
D)  afferent neurons 
A)  motor neurons 
B)  efferent neurons 
C)  interneurons 
D)  afferent neurons

Question 15

Which of these structures aid in saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  non-myelinated axons 
B)  synapses 
C)  myelinated axons 
D)  dendrites 
A)  non-myelinated axons 
B)  synapses 
C)  myelinated axons 
D)  dendrites

Question 16

Identify each lettered cell in the human eye shown.  
-cone

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify each lettered cell in the human...

Question 17

Match each term with its definition.
-amacrine cells

Accepted Answer

A) single units of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the eardrum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects 
A) single units of a compound eye 
B) allow animals to detect and use Earth's magnetic field for navigation 
C) structure that creates pressure waves in the cochlea as it vibrates 
D) reduction in the frequency of action potentials generated by afferent neurons even though the stimulus has not changed 
E) commonly known as the eardrum
F)specialized receptors that detect electrical fields
G)viscous liquid filling the human eye cavity between the retina and lens
H)responsible for terrestrial vertebrates' ability to perceive motion and position of the head
I)process of converting a stimulus into a change in the membrane potential
J)cells in the human eye that connect bipolar cells and ganglion cells
K)dendrites of afferent neurons, or specialized cells that synapse with afferent neurons, that can gather information about the environment
L)calcium carbonate crystals that bend stereocilia as a result of movement of the head
M)a duct that eliminates pressure differentials that can occur between the outer and middle ear
N)process by which the contrast between dark and light is increased in visual processing in the mammalian eye
O)family of photopigments consisting of opsins combined with retinal
P)photopigment found in vertebrate and invertebrate eyes alike
Q)clear liquid between the cornea and the lens of a human eye
R)cells in the human eye that connect different photoreceptor cells to each other
S)where a portion of each optic nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain
T)detect stimuli used for balance and the perception of body position
U)small region in the retina where cones are concentrated
V)specialized muscle cells surrounded by afferent neuron dendrites; detect the degree of stretching that a muscle is undergoing
W)the site in the thalamus where most optic axons make synapses with interneurons leading to the visual cortex
X)hollow sensory bristles in insects

Question 18

Match each situation to the most appropriate term.
-occurs when a membrane potential becomes more negative than its resting membrane potential

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization 
A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization

Question 19

Which of the following comprise a fish's lateral line, which allows it to detect vibrations and water currents?

Accepted Answer

A)  stereocilia 
B)  statoliths 
C)  statocysts 
D)  neuromasts 
A)  stereocilia 
B)  statoliths 
C)  statocysts 
D)  neuromasts

Question 20

Match each term with its definition.
-reflex

Accepted Answer

A) loose meshwork of neurons organized with radial symmetry 
B) cavities in the vertebrate brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid 
C) efferent portion of the PNS that deals with body movements that are under conscious, voluntary control 
D) neuronal activity that occurs without conscious effort; often associated with protection 
E) carries nervous activity from the brain and spinal cord to effector structures
F)composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
G)associated with the ability to speak 
A) loose meshwork of neurons organized with radial symmetry 
B) cavities in the vertebrate brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid 
C) efferent portion of the PNS that deals with body movements that are under conscious, voluntary control 
D) neuronal activity that occurs without conscious effort; often associated with protection 
E) carries nervous activity from the brain and spinal cord to effector structures
F)composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
G)associated with the ability to speak

Exam 45: Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Identify each lettered part of the human eye shown. -ciliary body

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once. -detect an increase in pressure against the skin

What organic macromolecules allow myelinated sheaths to act as electrical insulators?

Which of the following is involved in abstract reasoning?

Which of the following is a function of electroreceptors?

Match each term with its description. -graded potential

Vesicles containing neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft when levels of which of these ions rise within the axon terminal?

For which of these axons might you expect action potential propagation to be the fastest?

What type of neuron directly stimulates a muscle or gland?

Match each descriptive phrase to a receptor type. Receptor types may be used more than once. -perceive temperature changes on the body's surface

Which of the following are features of cones and rods?

Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -occurs due to the diffusion of Na+

Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -an EPSP

In humans, which neurons are composed of the greatest number of cells?

Which of these structures aid in saltatory conduction?

Identify each lettered cell in the human eye shown. -cone

Match each term with its definition. -amacrine cells

Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -occurs when a membrane potential becomes more negative than its resting membrane potential

Which of the following comprise a fish's lateral line, which allows it to detect vibrations and water currents?

Match each term with its definition. -reflex

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Filters

Match each situation to the most appropriate term. -occurs due to the diffusion of Na⁺