Question 1

What cellular characteristics are affected by anaplasia? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Size 
B)  Ability to differentiate 
C)  Life expectancy 
D)  Tissue structure 
E)  Shape 
A)  Size 
B)  Ability to differentiate 
C)  Life expectancy 
D)  Tissue structure 
E)  Shape A,B,D,E

Question 2

Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form new muscle while appearing highly disorganized?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dysplasia 
B)  Hyperplasia 
C)  Myoplasia 
D)  Anaplasia 
A)  Dysplasia 
B)  Hyperplasia 
C)  Myoplasia 
D)  Anaplasia D

Question 3

What is the major virus involved in the development of cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Herpes simplex virus type 6 
B)  Herpes simplex virus type 2 
C)  Human papillomavirus 
D)  Human immunodeficiency virus 
A)  Herpes simplex virus type 6 
B)  Herpes simplex virus type 2 
C)  Human papillomavirus 
D)  Human immunodeficiency virus C

Question 4

What is the consequence for cells when the functioning TP53 gene is lost as a result of mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells undergo apoptosis. 
B)  Cells escape apoptosis. 
C)  Cells receive less oxygen. 
D)  Cells adhere more readily. 
A)  Cells undergo apoptosis. 
B)  Cells escape apoptosis. 
C)  Cells receive less oxygen. 
D)  Cells adhere more readily.

Question 5

Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood vessels 
B)  Epithelial cells 
C)  Connective tissue 
D)  Glandular tissue 
A)  Blood vessels 
B)  Epithelial cells 
C)  Connective tissue 
D)  Glandular tissue

Question 6

Which statement is true regarding pleomorphic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pleomorphic cells are similar in size. 
B)  They share a common shape. 
C)  They are a result of anaplasia. 
D)  Pleomorphic cells differentiate uniformly. 
A)  Pleomorphic cells are similar in size. 
B)  They share a common shape. 
C)  They are a result of anaplasia. 
D)  Pleomorphic cells differentiate uniformly.

Question 7

Which statement supports the hypothesis that intestinal polyps are benign neoplasms and the first stage in the development of colon cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cancer cells accumulate slower than noncancer cells. 
B)  An accumulation of mutations in specific genes is required for the development of cancer. 
C)  Tumor invasion and metastasis progress more slowly in the gastrointestinal tract. 
D)  Apoptosis is triggered by diverse stimuli, including excessive growth. 
A)  Cancer cells accumulate slower than noncancer cells. 
B)  An accumulation of mutations in specific genes is required for the development of cancer. 
C)  Tumor invasion and metastasis progress more slowly in the gastrointestinal tract. 
D)  Apoptosis is triggered by diverse stimuli, including excessive growth.

Question 8

By what process do cancer cells multiply in the absence of external growth signals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proto-oncogene 
B)  Autocrine stimulation 
C)  Reliance on caretaker genes 
D)  Pleomorphology 
A)  Proto-oncogene 
B)  Autocrine stimulation 
C)  Reliance on caretaker genes 
D)  Pleomorphology

Question 9

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Angiogenesis

Accepted Answer

A) Is the process of cancer cell growth. 
B) Is used to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal structures. 
C) Is guided by molecular analysis in specific diseases. 
D) Takes advantage of specific vulnerabilities in specific cancer cells. 
E) Provides a framework to determine treatment. 
A) Is the process of cancer cell growth. 
B) Is used to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal structures. 
C) Is guided by molecular analysis in specific diseases. 
D) Takes advantage of specific vulnerabilities in specific cancer cells. 
E) Provides a framework to determine treatment.

Question 10

In childhood neuroblastoma,the N-myc oncogene undergoes which type of mutation of normal gene to oncogene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Point mutation 
B)  Chromosome fusion 
C)  Gene amplification 
D)  Chromosome translocation 
A)  Point mutation 
B)  Chromosome fusion 
C)  Gene amplification 
D)  Chromosome translocation

Question 11

Which statements concerning aging and the occurrence of cancer are true? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Decline in immunologic functions 
B)  Predisposition to nutritional inadequacies 
C)  Unwillingness to access health care services 
D)  Reluctance to engage in cancer screenings 
E)  Effects of immobility on the immune system 
A)  Decline in immunologic functions 
B)  Predisposition to nutritional inadequacies 
C)  Unwillingness to access health care services 
D)  Reluctance to engage in cancer screenings 
E)  Effects of immobility on the immune system

Question 12

Which cancers are all associated with chronic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brain, muscle, and endocrine 
B)  Colon, thyroid gland, and urinary bladder 
C)  Bone, blood cells, and liver 
D)  Eye, tracheal, and kidney 
A)  Brain, muscle, and endocrine 
B)  Colon, thyroid gland, and urinary bladder 
C)  Bone, blood cells, and liver 
D)  Eye, tracheal, and kidney

Question 13

The survival rate for stage IV Hodgkin disease can be as high as:

Accepted Answer

A)  99% 
B)  70% 
C)  40% 
D)  20% 
A)  99% 
B)  70% 
C)  40% 
D)  20%

Question 14

Which statement concerning benign tumors is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The resulting pain is severe. 
B)  Benign tumors are not encapsulated. 
C)  Benign tumors are fast growing. 
D)  The cells are well-differentiated. 
A)  The resulting pain is severe. 
B)  Benign tumors are not encapsulated. 
C)  Benign tumors are fast growing. 
D)  The cells are well-differentiated.

Question 15

Which gastrointestinal tract condition can be an outcome of both chemotherapy and radiation therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased cell turnover 
B)  Constipation 
C)  Stomatitis 
D)  Bloody stool 
A)  Increased cell turnover 
B)  Constipation 
C)  Stomatitis 
D)  Bloody stool

Question 16

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Radiation

Accepted Answer

A) Is the process of cancer cell growth. 
B) Is used to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal structures. 
C) Is guided by molecular analysis in specific diseases. 
D) Takes advantage of specific vulnerabilities in specific cancer cells. 
E) Provides a framework to determine treatment. 
A) Is the process of cancer cell growth. 
B) Is used to kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal structures. 
C) Is guided by molecular analysis in specific diseases. 
D) Takes advantage of specific vulnerabilities in specific cancer cells. 
E) Provides a framework to determine treatment.

Question 17

Burkitt lymphomas designate a chromosome that has a piece of chromosome 8 fused to a piece of chromosome 14.This is an example of which mutation of normal genes to oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Point mutation 
B)  Chromosome translocation 
C)  Gene amplification 
D)  Chromosome fusion 
A)  Point mutation 
B)  Chromosome translocation 
C)  Gene amplification 
D)  Chromosome fusion

Question 18

Which cancer originates from connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteogenic sarcoma 
B)  Basal cell carcinoma 
C)  Multiple myeloma 
D)  Adenocarcinoma 
A)  Osteogenic sarcoma 
B)  Basal cell carcinoma 
C)  Multiple myeloma 
D)  Adenocarcinoma

Question 19

Match the organism factor with the cancer it causes.
-Cervical cancer

Accepted Answer

A) HPV 
B) Human herpesvirus (HHV) 8 
C) Hepatis B virus (HBV) 
D) Helicobacter pylori 
A) HPV 
B) Human herpesvirus (HHV) 8 
C) Hepatis B virus (HBV) 
D) Helicobacter pylori

Question 20

What is the skin-related health risk induced by some types of chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infection 
B)  Ultraviolet damage 
C)  Pain 
D)  Erythema 
A)  Infection 
B)  Ultraviolet damage 
C)  Pain 
D)  Erythema

Exam 12: Cancer Biology

What cellular characteristics are affected by anaplasia? (Select all that apply.)

Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form new muscle while appearing highly disorganized?

What is the major virus involved in the development of cervical cancer?

What is the consequence for cells when the functioning TP53 gene is lost as a result of mutation?

Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin?

Which statement is true regarding pleomorphic cells?

Which statement supports the hypothesis that intestinal polyps are benign neoplasms and the first stage in the development of colon cancer?

By what process do cancer cells multiply in the absence of external growth signals?

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Angiogenesis

In childhood neuroblastoma,the N-myc oncogene undergoes which type of mutation of normal gene to oncogene?

Which statements concerning aging and the occurrence of cancer are true? (Select all that apply.)

Which cancers are all associated with chronic inflammation?

The survival rate for stage IV Hodgkin disease can be as high as:

Which statement concerning benign tumors is true?

Which gastrointestinal tract condition can be an outcome of both chemotherapy and radiation therapy?

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Radiation

Burkitt lymphomas designate a chromosome that has a piece of chromosome 8 fused to a piece of chromosome 14.This is an example of which mutation of normal genes to oncogenes?

Which cancer originates from connective tissue?

Match the organism factor with the cancer it causes. -Cervical cancer

What is the skin-related health risk induced by some types of chemotherapy?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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