Question 1

Which infection is fungal? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Ringworm 
B)  Candida 
C)  Cholera 
D)  Athlete's foot 
E)  Aspergillus 
A)  Ringworm 
B)  Candida 
C)  Cholera 
D)  Athlete's foot 
E)  Aspergillus A,B,D,E

Question 2

Which statement is true concerning a fungal infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fungal infections occur only on skin, hair, and nails. 
B)  Phagocytes and T lymphocytes control fungal infections. 
C)  Fungal infections release endotoxins. 
D)  Vaccines prevent fungal infections. 
A)  Fungal infections occur only on skin, hair, and nails. 
B)  Phagocytes and T lymphocytes control fungal infections. 
C)  Fungal infections release endotoxins. 
D)  Vaccines prevent fungal infections. B

Question 3

Once they have penetrated the first line of defense,which microorganisms do natural killer (NK)cells actively attack?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria 
B)  Fungi 
C)  Viruses 
D)  Mycoplasma 
A)  Bacteria 
B)  Fungi 
C)  Viruses 
D)  Mycoplasma C

Question 4

Cytokines are thought to cause fevers by stimulating the synthesis of which chemical mediator?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leukotriene 
B)  Histamine 
C)  Prostaglandin 
D)  Bradykinin 
A)  Leukotriene 
B)  Histamine 
C)  Prostaglandin 
D)  Bradykinin

Question 5

What area in the body may act as a reservoir in which HIV can be relatively protected from antiviral drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Central nervous system 
B)  Bone marrow 
C)  Thymus gland 
D)  Lungs 
A)  Central nervous system 
B)  Bone marrow 
C)  Thymus gland 
D)  Lungs

Question 6

Which of the following play a role in the control of fungal infections? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytokines 
B)  Macrophages 
C)  Natural killer cells 
D)  Neutrophils 
E)  T lymphocytes 
A)  Cytokines 
B)  Macrophages 
C)  Natural killer cells 
D)  Neutrophils 
E)  T lymphocytes

Question 7

Which statement is a characteristic of HIV?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV only infects T-helper (Th) cells. 
B)  HIV is a retrovirus. 
C)  HIV carries genetic information in its DNA. 
D)  HIV has five identified strains. 
A)  HIV only infects T-helper (Th) cells. 
B)  HIV is a retrovirus. 
C)  HIV carries genetic information in its DNA. 
D)  HIV has five identified strains.

Question 8

Which statements are true regarding endotoxins? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides. 
B)  Endotoxins are located in the walls of bacteria. 
C)  Endotoxins are created during the process of lysis. 
D)  Endotoxins are found in gram-negative microorganisms. 
E)  Endotoxins are released during the destruction of its host. 
A)  Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides. 
B)  Endotoxins are located in the walls of bacteria. 
C)  Endotoxins are created during the process of lysis. 
D)  Endotoxins are found in gram-negative microorganisms. 
E)  Endotoxins are released during the destruction of its host.

Question 9

Match each term with its definition.
-Ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host

Accepted Answer

A) Toxigenicity 
B) Infectivity 
C) Pathogenicity 
D) Virulence 
A) Toxigenicity 
B) Infectivity 
C) Pathogenicity 
D) Virulence

Question 10

Which statement is true regarding the development of HIV symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Symptoms generally appear in the clinical latency stage. 
B)  Symptoms are generally observable within 5 years of the initial infection. 
C)  T cells levels, particularly those of memory T cells, progressively decrease. 
D)  Untreated infected individuals may remain asymptomatic for up to10 years. 
E)  Secondary lymphoid organs experience damage and resulting malfunction. 
A)  Symptoms generally appear in the clinical latency stage. 
B)  Symptoms are generally observable within 5 years of the initial infection. 
C)  T cells levels, particularly those of memory T cells, progressively decrease. 
D)  Untreated infected individuals may remain asymptomatic for up to10 years. 
E)  Secondary lymphoid organs experience damage and resulting malfunction.

Question 11

Which cells are primary targets for HIV?

Accepted Answer

A)  CD4+ Th cells only 
B)  CD4+ Th cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells 
C)  CD8-positive cytotoxic T (Tc) cells and plasma cells 
D)  CD8-positive Tc cells only 
A)  CD4+ Th cells only 
B)  CD4+ Th cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells 
C)  CD8-positive cytotoxic T (Tc) cells and plasma cells 
D)  CD8-positive Tc cells only

Question 12

The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Infectivity 
B)  Toxigenicity 
C)  Pathogenicity 
D)  Virulence 
A)  Infectivity 
B)  Toxigenicity 
C)  Pathogenicity 
D)  Virulence

Question 13

Which organism is a common sexually transmitted bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus aureus 
B)  Clostridium perfringens 
C)  Helicobacter pylori 
D)  Treponema pallidum 
A)  Staphylococcus aureus 
B)  Clostridium perfringens 
C)  Helicobacter pylori 
D)  Treponema pallidum

Question 14

HIV antibodies appear within how many weeks after infection through blood products?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 to 2 
B)  4 to 7 
C)  10 to 12 
D)  20 to 24 
A)  1 to 2 
B)  4 to 7 
C)  10 to 12 
D)  20 to 24

Question 15

Which secretion transmits HIV? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Semen 
B)  Urine 
C)  Saliva 
D)  Breast milk 
E)  Sweat 
A)  Semen 
B)  Urine 
C)  Saliva 
D)  Breast milk 
E)  Sweat

Question 16

Considering the hypothalamus,a fever is produced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Endogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus. 
B)  Exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus. 
C)  Immune complexes acting indirectly on the hypothalamus. 
D)  Cytokines acting indirectly on the hypothalamus. 
A)  Endogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus. 
B)  Exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus. 
C)  Immune complexes acting indirectly on the hypothalamus. 
D)  Cytokines acting indirectly on the hypothalamus.

Question 17

What is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide?

Accepted Answer

A)  Starvation 
B)  Traumatic injury 
C)  Cardiovascular disease 
D)  Infectious disease 
A)  Starvation 
B)  Traumatic injury 
C)  Cardiovascular disease 
D)  Infectious disease

Question 18

Which statement concerning exotoxins is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exotoxins are contained in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria. 
B)  Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria. 
C)  Exotoxins are able to initiate the complement and coagulation cascades. 
D)  Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth. 
A)  Exotoxins are contained in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria. 
B)  Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria. 
C)  Exotoxins are able to initiate the complement and coagulation cascades. 
D)  Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.

Question 19

Which type of microorganism reproduces on the skin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viruses 
B)  Bacteria and fungi 
C)  Protozoa and Rickettsiae 
D)  Mycoplasma 
A)  Viruses 
B)  Bacteria and fungi 
C)  Protozoa and Rickettsiae 
D)  Mycoplasma

Question 20

What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reverse transcriptase converts single-stranded DNA into double-stranded DNA. 
B)  It is needed to produce integrase. 
C)  It transports the RNA into the cell nucleus. 
D)  It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA. 
A)  Reverse transcriptase converts single-stranded DNA into double-stranded DNA. 
B)  It is needed to produce integrase. 
C)  It transports the RNA into the cell nucleus. 
D)  It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA.

Exam 10: Infection

Which infection is fungal? (Select all that apply.)

Which statement is true concerning a fungal infection?

Once they have penetrated the first line of defense,which microorganisms do natural killer (NK)cells actively attack?

Cytokines are thought to cause fevers by stimulating the synthesis of which chemical mediator?

What area in the body may act as a reservoir in which HIV can be relatively protected from antiviral drugs?

Which of the following play a role in the control of fungal infections? (Select all that apply.)

Which statement is a characteristic of HIV?

Which statements are true regarding endotoxins? (Select all that apply.)

Match each term with its definition. -Ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host

Which statement is true regarding the development of HIV symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Which cells are primary targets for HIV?

The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host is referred to as:

Which organism is a common sexually transmitted bacterial infection?

HIV antibodies appear within how many weeks after infection through blood products?

Which secretion transmits HIV? (Select all that apply.)

Considering the hypothalamus,a fever is produced by:

What is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide?

Which statement concerning exotoxins is true?

Which type of microorganism reproduces on the skin?

What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Filters