Question 1

What mechanism causes organ injury in primary multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Impaired immune response 
B)  Impaired glucose use 
C)  Impaired perfusion 
D)  Impaired ventilation 
A)  Impaired immune response 
B)  Impaired glucose use 
C)  Impaired perfusion 
D)  Impaired ventilation C

Question 2

Match the types of shock with the corresponding descriptions.Terms can be used more than once.
-Follows major burns.

Accepted Answer

A) Cardiogenic 
B) Hypovolemic 
C) Neurogenic 
D) Anaphylactic 
E) Septic 
A) Cardiogenic 
B) Hypovolemic 
C) Neurogenic 
D) Anaphylactic 
E) Septic B

Question 3

Blistering of the skin within minutes occurs in which type of burn injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  First degree 
B)  Superficial second degree 
C)  Deep second degree 
D)  Third degree 
A)  First degree 
B)  Superficial second degree 
C)  Deep second degree 
D)  Third degree B

Question 4

Which form of shock occurs from an acute burn injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypovolemic 
B)  Septic 
C)  Cardiogenic 
D)  Vasogenic 
A)  Hypovolemic 
B)  Septic 
C)  Cardiogenic 
D)  Vasogenic

Question 5

What is the final outcome of impaired cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellular alterations in the heart and brain 
B)  Buildup of cellular waste products 
C)  Cellular alterations in the vasculature structures and kidneys 
D)  Impairment of urine excretion 
A)  Cellular alterations in the heart and brain 
B)  Buildup of cellular waste products 
C)  Cellular alterations in the vasculature structures and kidneys 
D)  Impairment of urine excretion

Question 6

What is the most reliable criterion of adequate fluid resuscitation after a major burn injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure 
B)  Pulse rate 
C)  Respiratory rate 
D)  Urine output 
A)  Blood pressure 
B)  Pulse rate 
C)  Respiratory rate 
D)  Urine output

Question 7

What type of shock develops as a result of the overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system or the understimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Septic 
B)  Cardiogenic 
C)  Anaphylactic 
D)  Vasogenic 
A)  Septic 
B)  Cardiogenic 
C)  Anaphylactic 
D)  Vasogenic

Question 8

Match the types of shock with the corresponding descriptions.Terms can be used more than once.
-Follows myocardial infarction.

Accepted Answer

A) Cardiogenic 
B) Hypovolemic 
C) Neurogenic 
D) Anaphylactic 
E) Septic 
A) Cardiogenic 
B) Hypovolemic 
C) Neurogenic 
D) Anaphylactic 
E) Septic

Question 9

In secondary multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS),what stimulates the normal endothelial cells to change to a proinflammatory state?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interleukin (IL)-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 
B)  IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 
C)  Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and granulocyte cell-stimulating factor 
D)  Prostaglandin, leukotrienes, histamine, and bradykinin 
A)  Interleukin (IL)-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 
B)  IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 
C)  Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and granulocyte cell-stimulating factor 
D)  Prostaglandin, leukotrienes, histamine, and bradykinin

Question 10

In septic shock,which mediators are antiinflammatory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interleukin (IL)-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-13 
B)  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and granulocyte cell-stimulating factor 
C)  IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6 
D)  Prostaglandin, leukotrienes, and bradykinin 
A)  Interleukin (IL)-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-13 
B)  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and granulocyte cell-stimulating factor 
C)  IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6 
D)  Prostaglandin, leukotrienes, and bradykinin

Question 11

How many milliliters of fluid replacement per hour does a 70-kg adult with a 50% total body surface area burn and a body surface area of 2 m require?

Accepted Answer

A)  150 
B)  275 
C)  350 
D)  500 
A)  150 
B)  275 
C)  350 
D)  500

Question 12

Which condition is best defined as a clinical syndrome involving a systemic response to infection,which is manifested by two or more of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteremia 
B)  Sepsis 
C)  Septicemia 
D)  Septic shock 
A)  Bacteremia 
B)  Sepsis 
C)  Septicemia 
D)  Septic shock

Question 13

What effect does a fatal burn injury have on interleukins (ILs)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreases levels of IL-2, which may decrease T helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes. 
B)  Decreases levels of IL-4, which causes a shift in production from Th1 to Th2 lymphocytes. 
C)  Decreases levels of IL-6, which produces cytokines. 
D)  Decreases levels of IL-12, which stimulates the production of immunoglobulins. 
A)  Decreases levels of IL-2, which may decrease T helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes. 
B)  Decreases levels of IL-4, which causes a shift in production from Th1 to Th2 lymphocytes. 
C)  Decreases levels of IL-6, which produces cytokines. 
D)  Decreases levels of IL-12, which stimulates the production of immunoglobulins.

Question 14

A patient will be referred to the burn unit when which criteria are met? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient is older than 5 years of age. 
B)  The burn involves the face or a major joint. 
C)  The source of the burn is electrical. 
D)  Partial thickness burns are on more than 10% of the total body surface area (TBS
A) . 
E)  Patient has a life-threatening trauma injury. 
A)  Patient is older than 5 years of age. 
B)  The burn involves the face or a major joint. 
C)  The source of the burn is electrical. 
D)  Partial thickness burns are on more than 10% of the total body surface area (TBS
A) . 
E)  Patient has a life-threatening trauma injury.

Question 15

Match the types of shock with the corresponding descriptions.Terms can be used more than once.
-Follows parasympathetic stimulation.

Accepted Answer

A) Cardiogenic 
B) Hypovolemic 
C) Neurogenic 
D) Anaphylactic 
E) Septic 
A) Cardiogenic 
B) Hypovolemic 
C) Neurogenic 
D) Anaphylactic 
E) Septic

Question 16

In multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS),the gut hypothesis attempts to explain which phenomena?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paralytic ileus 
B)  Translocation of bacteria 
C)  Maldistribution of blood flow 
D)  Massive diarrhea accompanying septic shock 
A)  Paralytic ileus 
B)  Translocation of bacteria 
C)  Maldistribution of blood flow 
D)  Massive diarrhea accompanying septic shock

Question 17

What is the purpose of monitoring procalcitonin (PCT)levels in a patient after a burn?

Accepted Answer

A)  To help evaluate the potential risk for respiratory complications 
B)  To justify the initiation of antibiotic therapy 
C)  To determine when discontinuing antibiotic use is feasible 
D)  To help in the selection of appropriate antibiotic therapy agents 
A)  To help evaluate the potential risk for respiratory complications 
B)  To justify the initiation of antibiotic therapy 
C)  To determine when discontinuing antibiotic use is feasible 
D)  To help in the selection of appropriate antibiotic therapy agents

Question 18

Which fluid is most often used in fluid resuscitation after a major burn injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Saline 
B)  Albumin 
C)  Lactated Ringer solution 
D)  Dextrose in water 
A)  Saline 
B)  Albumin 
C)  Lactated Ringer solution 
D)  Dextrose in water

Question 19

What is the significance of a high level of interleukin 1 (IL-1)in a patient who has experienced severe burns?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prognosis is poor. 
B)  Antibiotic therapy is required. 
C)  Urinary function is improved. 
D)  They are less at risk for death. 
A)  Prognosis is poor. 
B)  Antibiotic therapy is required. 
C)  Urinary function is improved. 
D)  They are less at risk for death.

Question 20

Match the types of shock with the corresponding descriptions.Terms can be used more than once.
-Follows widespread hypersensitivity reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) Cardiogenic 
B) Hypovolemic 
C) Neurogenic 
D) Anaphylactic 
E) Septic 
A) Cardiogenic 
B) Hypovolemic 
C) Neurogenic 
D) Anaphylactic 
E) Septic

Exam 48: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

What mechanism causes organ injury in primary multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)?

Match the types of shock with the corresponding descriptions.Terms can be used more than once. -Follows major burns.

Blistering of the skin within minutes occurs in which type of burn injury?

Which form of shock occurs from an acute burn injury?

What is the final outcome of impaired cellular metabolism?

What is the most reliable criterion of adequate fluid resuscitation after a major burn injury?

What type of shock develops as a result of the overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system or the understimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?

Match the types of shock with the corresponding descriptions.Terms can be used more than once. -Follows myocardial infarction.

In secondary multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS),what stimulates the normal endothelial cells to change to a proinflammatory state?

In septic shock,which mediators are antiinflammatory?

How many milliliters of fluid replacement per hour does a 70-kg adult with a 50% total body surface area burn and a body surface area of 2 m require?

Which condition is best defined as a clinical syndrome involving a systemic response to infection,which is manifested by two or more of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria?

What effect does a fatal burn injury have on interleukins (ILs)?

A patient will be referred to the burn unit when which criteria are met? (Select all that apply.)

Match the types of shock with the corresponding descriptions.Terms can be used more than once. -Follows parasympathetic stimulation.

In multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS),the gut hypothesis attempts to explain which phenomena?

What is the purpose of monitoring procalcitonin (PCT)levels in a patient after a burn?

Which fluid is most often used in fluid resuscitation after a major burn injury?

What is the significance of a high level of interleukin 1 (IL-1)in a patient who has experienced severe burns?

Match the types of shock with the corresponding descriptions.Terms can be used more than once. -Follows widespread hypersensitivity reaction.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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