Question 1

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem.
-Nasopharyngeal obstruction,such as adenotonsillar hypertrophy.

Accepted Answer

A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or monophonic wheeze 
E) Inspiratory wheezes 
A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or monophonic wheeze 
E) Inspiratory wheezes A

Question 2

Which statement best describes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation 
B)  A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and the presence of bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray imaging 
C)  A respiratory disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein producing viscous mucus that lines the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens 
D)  A pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency 
A)  An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation 
B)  A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and the presence of bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray imaging 
C)  A respiratory disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein producing viscous mucus that lines the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens 
D)  A pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency B

Question 3

What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immature immune system 
B)  Small alveoli 
C)  Surfactant deficiency 
D)  Anemia 
A)  Immature immune system 
B)  Small alveoli 
C)  Surfactant deficiency 
D)  Anemia C

Question 4

Between which months of age does sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)most often occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 and 1 
B)  2 and 4 
C)  5 and 6 
D)  6 and 7 
A)  0 and 1 
B)  2 and 4 
C)  5 and 6 
D)  6 and 7

Question 5

What are the clinical manifestations of bacterial pneumonia in children? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Fever with chills 
B)  Productive cough 
C)  Dyspnea 
D)  Respiratory alkalosis 
E)  Malaise 
A)  Fever with chills 
B)  Productive cough 
C)  Dyspnea 
D)  Respiratory alkalosis 
E)  Malaise

Question 6

Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cluster of differentiation (C
D)  4 T-helper Th1 lymphocytes 
B)  CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes 
C)  CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D)  Memory T lymphocytes 
A)  Cluster of differentiation (C
D)  4 T-helper Th1 lymphocytes 
B)  CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes 
C)  CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D)  Memory T lymphocytes

Question 7

Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation 
B)  Respiratory disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging 
C)  Pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens 
D)  Pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency 
A)  Obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation 
B)  Respiratory disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging 
C)  Pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens 
D)  Pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency

Question 8

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem.
-Laryngeal problems

Accepted Answer

A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or monophonic wheeze 
E) Inspiratory wheezes 
A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or monophonic wheeze 
E) Inspiratory wheezes

Question 9

Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retropharyngeal abscess 
B)  Laryngospasms 
C)  Rupturing of the tonsils 
D)  Gagging induced aspiration 
A)  Retropharyngeal abscess 
B)  Laryngospasms 
C)  Rupturing of the tonsils 
D)  Gagging induced aspiration

Question 10

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem.
-Upper trachea obstruction

Accepted Answer

A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or monophonic wheeze 
E) Inspiratory wheezes 
A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or monophonic wheeze 
E) Inspiratory wheezes

Question 11

Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children finally lodge?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trachea 
B)  Left lung 
C)  Bronchus 
D)  Bronchioles 
A)  Trachea 
B)  Left lung 
C)  Bronchus 
D)  Bronchioles

Question 12

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem.
-Supralaryngeal obstructions

Accepted Answer

A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or monophonic wheeze 
E) Inspiratory wheezes 
A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or monophonic wheeze 
E) Inspiratory wheezes

Question 13

Which type of croup is most common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacterial 
B)  Viral 
C)  Fungal 
D)  Autoimmune 
A)  Bacterial 
B)  Viral 
C)  Fungal 
D)  Autoimmune

Question 14

Children diagnosed with chronic asthma are likely to exhibit which symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Nasal flaring 
B)  Musical expiratory wheezing 
C)  Clubbing of fingers and toes 
D)  Substernal retractions 
E)  Diaphoresis 
A)  Nasal flaring 
B)  Musical expiratory wheezing 
C)  Clubbing of fingers and toes 
D)  Substernal retractions 
E)  Diaphoresis

Question 15

Which criterion is used to confirm a diagnosis of asthma in an 8-year-old child?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parental history of asthma 
B)  Serum testing that confirms increased immunoglobulin E (Ig
E)  and eosinophil levels 
C)  Reduced expiratory flow rates confirmed by spirometry testing 
D)  Improvement on a trial of asthma medication 
A)  Parental history of asthma 
B)  Serum testing that confirms increased immunoglobulin E (Ig
E)  and eosinophil levels 
C)  Reduced expiratory flow rates confirmed by spirometry testing 
D)  Improvement on a trial of asthma medication

Question 16

Which option shows the correct sequence of events after atelectasis develops in respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased pulmonary vascular resistance, atelectasis, hypoperfusion 
B)  Hypoxic vasoconstriction, right-to-left shunt hypoperfusion 
C)  Respiratory acidosis, hypoxemia, hypercapnia 
D)  Right-to-left shunt, hypoxic vasoconstriction, hypoperfusion 
A)  Increased pulmonary vascular resistance, atelectasis, hypoperfusion 
B)  Hypoxic vasoconstriction, right-to-left shunt hypoperfusion 
C)  Respiratory acidosis, hypoxemia, hypercapnia 
D)  Right-to-left shunt, hypoxic vasoconstriction, hypoperfusion

Question 17

Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants are obligatory nose breathers. 
B)  Their noses are small in diameter. 
C)  Infants become dehydrated when mouth breathing. 
D)  Their epiglottis is proportionally greater than the epiglottis of an adult's. 
A)  Infants are obligatory nose breathers. 
B)  Their noses are small in diameter. 
C)  Infants become dehydrated when mouth breathing. 
D)  Their epiglottis is proportionally greater than the epiglottis of an adult's.

Question 18

Cystic fibrosis is caused by which process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autosomal recessive inheritance 
B)  Autosomal dominant inheritance 
C)  Infection 
D)  Malignancy 
A)  Autosomal recessive inheritance 
B)  Autosomal dominant inheritance 
C)  Infection 
D)  Malignancy

Question 19

Which statement accurately describes childhood asthma?

Accepted Answer

A)  An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation 
B)  A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging 
C)  A pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein, producing viscous mucus that lines the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens 
D)  An obstructive airway disease characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency 
A)  An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation 
B)  A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging 
C)  A pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein, producing viscous mucus that lines the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens 
D)  An obstructive airway disease characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency

Question 20

What is the most common predisposing factor to obstructive sleep apnea in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chronic respiratory infections 
B)  Adenotonsillar hypertrophy 
C)  Obligatory mouth breathing 
D)  Paradoxic breathing 
A)  Chronic respiratory infections 
B)  Adenotonsillar hypertrophy 
C)  Obligatory mouth breathing 
D)  Paradoxic breathing

Exam 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem. -Nasopharyngeal obstruction,such as adenotonsillar hypertrophy.

Which statement best describes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)of the newborn?

Between which months of age does sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)most often occur?

What are the clinical manifestations of bacterial pneumonia in children? (Select all that apply.)

Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma?

Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis?

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem. -Laryngeal problems

Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication?

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem. -Upper trachea obstruction

Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children finally lodge?

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem. -Supralaryngeal obstructions

Which type of croup is most common?

Children diagnosed with chronic asthma are likely to exhibit which symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Which criterion is used to confirm a diagnosis of asthma in an 8-year-old child?

Which option shows the correct sequence of events after atelectasis develops in respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn?

Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants?

Cystic fibrosis is caused by which process?

Which statement accurately describes childhood asthma?

What is the most common predisposing factor to obstructive sleep apnea in children?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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