Question 1

A Ewing sarcoma arises from the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone marrow 
B)  Bone-producing mesenchymal cells 
C)  Metadiaphysis of long bones 
D)  Embryonal osteocytes 
A)  Bone marrow 
B)  Bone-producing mesenchymal cells 
C)  Metadiaphysis of long bones 
D)  Embryonal osteocytes A

Question 2

In osteomyelitis,bacteria gain access to the subperiosteal space in the metaphysis,which is considered the path of least resistance.What factor makes this route for bacteria the path of least resistance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cortex of the bone in this area is porous or mazelike. 
B)  Blood supply to the metaphysis is easily compromised. 
C)  Macrophages and lymphocytes have limited access to the subperiosteal space. 
D)  Bacteria usually spread down the medullary cavity of the bone. 
A)  Cortex of the bone in this area is porous or mazelike. 
B)  Blood supply to the metaphysis is easily compromised. 
C)  Macrophages and lymphocytes have limited access to the subperiosteal space. 
D)  Bacteria usually spread down the medullary cavity of the bone. A

Question 3

Which statements are true regarding bone growth before adulthood? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Growth in the length of bone occurs at the physeal plate. 
B)  Growth occurs through endochondral ossification. 
C)  Bone growth takes place under hormonal control. 
D)  Cartilage cells at the epiphyseal side of the physeal plate multiply and enlarge. 
E)  Cartilage cells at the metaphyseal side of the plate are replaced by bone. 
A)  Growth in the length of bone occurs at the physeal plate. 
B)  Growth occurs through endochondral ossification. 
C)  Bone growth takes place under hormonal control. 
D)  Cartilage cells at the epiphyseal side of the physeal plate multiply and enlarge. 
E)  Cartilage cells at the metaphyseal side of the plate are replaced by bone. A

Question 4

Rhabdomyosarcoma can develop in which type of muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiac 
B)  Smooth 
C)  Involuntary 
D)  Striated 
A)  Cardiac 
B)  Smooth 
C)  Involuntary 
D)  Striated

Question 5

In scoliosis,curves in the thoracic spine greater than how many degrees result in decreased pulmonary function?

Accepted Answer

A)  40 
B)  50 
C)  60 
D)  80 
A)  40 
B)  50 
C)  60 
D)  80

Question 6

Until the skeleton matures and adult stature is reached,where does growth in the length of bone occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epiphyseal line 
B)  Physeal plate 
C)  Epiphyseal cartilage 
D)  Metaphyseal plate 
A)  Epiphyseal line 
B)  Physeal plate 
C)  Epiphyseal cartilage 
D)  Metaphyseal plate

Question 7

The failure of bones to ossify,resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity,characterizes which disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteogenesis imperfecta 
B)  Rickets 
C)  Osteochondrosis 
D)  Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease 
A)  Osteogenesis imperfecta 
B)  Rickets 
C)  Osteochondrosis 
D)  Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

Question 8

Which sign or symptom is a very late indication of developmental dysplasia of the hip?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asymmetry of the gluteal or thigh folds 
B)  Leg-length discrepancy 
C)  Waddling gait 
D)  Pain 
A)  Asymmetry of the gluteal or thigh folds 
B)  Leg-length discrepancy 
C)  Waddling gait 
D)  Pain

Question 9

Which assessment finding characterizes Osgood-Schlatter disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow 
B)  Inflammation of the anterior cruciate ligament 
C)  Bursitis of the subscapular bursa in the glenohumeral joint 
D)  Tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon 
A)  Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow 
B)  Inflammation of the anterior cruciate ligament 
C)  Bursitis of the subscapular bursa in the glenohumeral joint 
D)  Tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon

Question 10

How do the clinical manifestations and onset of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)differ from those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)in adults?

Accepted Answer

A)  JRA begins insidiously with systemic signs of inflammation. 
B)  JRA predominantly affects large joints. 
C)  JRA has more severe joint pain than adult RA. 
D)  JRA has a rapid onset of generalized aches as the first symptom. 
A)  JRA begins insidiously with systemic signs of inflammation. 
B)  JRA predominantly affects large joints. 
C)  JRA has more severe joint pain than adult RA. 
D)  JRA has a rapid onset of generalized aches as the first symptom.

Question 11

What is the cause of structural scoliosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Poor posture 
B)  Vertebral rotation 
C)  Poor calcium absorption 
D)  Intrauterine trauma 
A)  Poor posture 
B)  Vertebral rotation 
C)  Poor calcium absorption 
D)  Intrauterine trauma

Question 12

At birth,the diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP)may be made based on what factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brain trauma during birth 
B)  Prematurity 
C)  Major brain malformation 
D)  Genetic defect 
A)  Brain trauma during birth 
B)  Prematurity 
C)  Major brain malformation 
D)  Genetic defect

Question 13

Which protein,absent in muscle cells of Duchenne muscular dystrophy,mediates the anchoring of skeletal muscle fibers to the basement membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Syntrophin 
B)  Laminin 
C)  Dystrophin 
D)  Troponin 
A)  Syntrophin 
B)  Laminin 
C)  Dystrophin 
D)  Troponin

Question 14

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description.Types may be used more than once.
-Onset occurs at approximately 3 years of age with rapid progression and frequently mental retardation.

Accepted Answer

A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy 
B) Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 
C) Myotonic dystrophy 
D) Becker muscular dystrophy 
A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy 
B) Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 
C) Myotonic dystrophy 
D) Becker muscular dystrophy

Question 15

Which statement is true regarding the pain experienced with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pain experienced with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in the elbows and upper and lower arms is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest. 
B)  Pain experienced with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in the knees, inner thighs, and groin is described as a continuous ache and relieved by antiinflammatory drugs. 
C)  Pain experienced with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in the knees, inner thighs, and groin is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest. 
D)  Pain experienced with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in the elbows and upper and lower arms is described as a continuous ache and relieved by antiinflammatory drugs. 
A)  Pain experienced with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in the elbows and upper and lower arms is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest. 
B)  Pain experienced with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in the knees, inner thighs, and groin is described as a continuous ache and relieved by antiinflammatory drugs. 
C)  Pain experienced with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in the knees, inner thighs, and groin is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest. 
D)  Pain experienced with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in the elbows and upper and lower arms is described as a continuous ache and relieved by antiinflammatory drugs.

Question 16

What is the most common congenital skeletal defect of the upper extremity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vestigial tabs 
B)  Paget disease 
C)  Rickets 
D)  Syndactyly 
A)  Vestigial tabs 
B)  Paget disease 
C)  Rickets 
D)  Syndactyly

Question 17

Generally,what is the first symptom of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inability to open the eyes completely 
B)  Difficulty standing 
C)  Drooping shoulders 
D)  Facial pain 
A)  Inability to open the eyes completely 
B)  Difficulty standing 
C)  Drooping shoulders 
D)  Facial pain

Question 18

The total mass of muscle in the body can be estimated from which serum laboratory test value?

Accepted Answer

A)  Albumin 
B)  Blood urea nitrogen 
C)  Creatinine 
D)  Creatine 
A)  Albumin 
B)  Blood urea nitrogen 
C)  Creatinine 
D)  Creatine

Question 19

What is the most common malignant bone tumor diagnosed during childhood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chondrosarcoma 
B)  Fibrosarcoma 
C)  Ewing Sarcoma 
D)  Osteosarcoma 
A)  Chondrosarcoma 
B)  Fibrosarcoma 
C)  Ewing Sarcoma 
D)  Osteosarcoma

Question 20

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description.Types may be used more than once.
-The face is expressionless,and pouting of the lips makes whistling impossible.

Accepted Answer

A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy 
B) Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 
C) Myotonic dystrophy 
D) Becker muscular dystrophy 
A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy 
B) Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 
C) Myotonic dystrophy 
D) Becker muscular dystrophy

Exam 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

A Ewing sarcoma arises from the:

In osteomyelitis,bacteria gain access to the subperiosteal space in the metaphysis,which is considered the path of least resistance.What factor makes this route for bacteria the path of least resistance?

Which statements are true regarding bone growth before adulthood? (Select all that apply.)

Rhabdomyosarcoma can develop in which type of muscle?

In scoliosis,curves in the thoracic spine greater than how many degrees result in decreased pulmonary function?

Until the skeleton matures and adult stature is reached,where does growth in the length of bone occur?

The failure of bones to ossify,resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity,characterizes which disorder?

Which sign or symptom is a very late indication of developmental dysplasia of the hip?

Which assessment finding characterizes Osgood-Schlatter disease?

How do the clinical manifestations and onset of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)differ from those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)in adults?

What is the cause of structural scoliosis?

At birth,the diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP)may be made based on what factor?

Which protein,absent in muscle cells of Duchenne muscular dystrophy,mediates the anchoring of skeletal muscle fibers to the basement membrane?

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description.Types may be used more than once. -Onset occurs at approximately 3 years of age with rapid progression and frequently mental retardation.

Which statement is true regarding the pain experienced with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?

What is the most common congenital skeletal defect of the upper extremity?

Generally,what is the first symptom of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy?

The total mass of muscle in the body can be estimated from which serum laboratory test value?

What is the most common malignant bone tumor diagnosed during childhood?

Match the type of muscular dystrophy with its description.Types may be used more than once. -The face is expressionless,and pouting of the lips makes whistling impossible.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Filters