Question 1

What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteriologic 
B)  Caseous 
C)  Liquefactive 
D)  Gangrenous 
A)  Bacteriologic 
B)  Caseous 
C)  Liquefactive 
D)  Gangrenous B

Question 2

It is true that nondividing cells are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Found in gastrointestinal lining 
B)  Affected by hyperplasia 
C)  Incapable of synthesizing DNA 
D)  Affected by only hypertrophy 
A)  Found in gastrointestinal lining 
B)  Affected by hyperplasia 
C)  Incapable of synthesizing DNA 
D)  Affected by only hypertrophy A

Question 3

What effect does fetal alcohol syndrome have on newborns? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Failure of alveoli to open 
B)  Cognitive impairment 
C)  Incompetent semilunar values 
D)  Esophageal stricture 
E)  Facial anomalies 
A)  Failure of alveoli to open 
B)  Cognitive impairment 
C)  Incompetent semilunar values 
D)  Esophageal stricture 
E)  Facial anomalies B,E

Question 4

Which statements are true regarding the effects of marijuana use? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Smoking the drug results in greater absorption that eating it. 
B)  Heavy use can result in psychomotor impairments. 
C)  Smoking four "joints" a day equals smoking approximately 20 cigarettes. 
D)  Research does not support marijuana use as a factor in developing lung cancer. 
E)  Fetal development appears to be unharmed by marijuana use. 
A)  Smoking the drug results in greater absorption that eating it. 
B)  Heavy use can result in psychomotor impairments. 
C)  Smoking four "joints" a day equals smoking approximately 20 cigarettes. 
D)  Research does not support marijuana use as a factor in developing lung cancer. 
E)  Fetal development appears to be unharmed by marijuana use.

Question 5

What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coagulative 
B)  Liquefactive 
C)  Caseous 
D)  Gangrene 
A)  Coagulative 
B)  Liquefactive 
C)  Caseous 
D)  Gangrene

Question 6

During cell injury caused by hypoxia,an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within the cell because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma proteins enter the cell. 
B)  The adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)-driven pump is stronger during hypoxia. 
C)  Sodium chloride enters the cell. 
D)  An influx of glucose occurs through the injured cell membranes. 
A)  Plasma proteins enter the cell. 
B)  The adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)-driven pump is stronger during hypoxia. 
C)  Sodium chloride enters the cell. 
D)  An influx of glucose occurs through the injured cell membranes.

Question 7

Carbon monoxide causes tissue damage by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Competing with carbon dioxide so that it cannot be excreted 
B)  Binding to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen 
C)  Destroying the chemical bonds of hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen 
D)  Removing iron from hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen 
A)  Competing with carbon dioxide so that it cannot be excreted 
B)  Binding to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen 
C)  Destroying the chemical bonds of hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen 
D)  Removing iron from hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen

Question 8

What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis. 
B)  Influx of potassium ions into the mitochondria occurs, halting the ATP production. 
C)  Edema of the Golgi body occurs, preventing the transport of proteins out of the cell. 
D)  Shift of calcium out of the plasma membrane occurs, destroying the cytoskeleton. 
A)  Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis. 
B)  Influx of potassium ions into the mitochondria occurs, halting the ATP production. 
C)  Edema of the Golgi body occurs, preventing the transport of proteins out of the cell. 
D)  Shift of calcium out of the plasma membrane occurs, destroying the cytoskeleton.

Question 9

What organs are affected by the type of necrosis that results from either severe ischemia or chemical injury? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Lungs 
B)  Brain 
C)  Kidneys 
D)  Muscles 
E)  Heart 
A)  Lungs 
B)  Brain 
C)  Kidneys 
D)  Muscles 
E)  Heart

Question 10

What is an example of compensatory hyperplasia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hepatic cells increase cell division after part of the liver is excised. 
B)  Skeletal muscle cells atrophy as a result of paralysis. 
C)  The heart muscle enlarges as a result of hypertension. 
D)  The size of the uterus increases during pregnancy. 
A)  Hepatic cells increase cell division after part of the liver is excised. 
B)  Skeletal muscle cells atrophy as a result of paralysis. 
C)  The heart muscle enlarges as a result of hypertension. 
D)  The size of the uterus increases during pregnancy.

Question 11

Which organs are affected by lead consumption? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Bones 
B)  Muscles 
C)  Pancreas 
D)  Nerves 
E)  Eyes 
A)  Bones 
B)  Muscles 
C)  Pancreas 
D)  Nerves 
E)  Eyes

Question 12

What two types of hearing loss are associated with noise?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acoustic trauma and noise-induced 
B)  High frequency and low frequency 
C)  High frequency and acoustic trauma 
D)  Noise-induced and low frequency 
A)  Acoustic trauma and noise-induced 
B)  High frequency and low frequency 
C)  High frequency and acoustic trauma 
D)  Noise-induced and low frequency

Question 13

Lead poisoning affects the nervous system by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Interfering with the function of neurotransmitters 
B)  Inhibiting the production of myelin around nerves 
C)  Increasing the resting membrane potential 
D)  Altering the transport of potassium into the nerves 
A)  Interfering with the function of neurotransmitters 
B)  Inhibiting the production of myelin around nerves 
C)  Increasing the resting membrane potential 
D)  Altering the transport of potassium into the nerves

Question 14

The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of hormonal:

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrophy 
B)  Hyperplasia 
C)  Anaplasia 
D)  Dysplasia 
A)  Atrophy 
B)  Hyperplasia 
C)  Anaplasia 
D)  Dysplasia

Question 15

What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemoconcentration occurs because of the loss of salt and water. 
B)  Cramping of voluntary muscles occurs as a result of salt loss. 
C)  Thermoregulation fails because of high core temperatures. 
D)  Subcutaneous layers are damaged because of high core temperatures. 
A)  Hemoconcentration occurs because of the loss of salt and water. 
B)  Cramping of voluntary muscles occurs as a result of salt loss. 
C)  Thermoregulation fails because of high core temperatures. 
D)  Subcutaneous layers are damaged because of high core temperatures.

Question 16

Free radicals cause cell damage by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Stealing the cell's oxygen to stabilize the electron, thus causing hypoxia 
B)  Stimulating the release of lysosomal enzymes that digest the cell membranes 
C)  Transferring one of its charged, stabilized atoms to the cell membrane, which causes lysis 
D)  Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane 
A)  Stealing the cell's oxygen to stabilize the electron, thus causing hypoxia 
B)  Stimulating the release of lysosomal enzymes that digest the cell membranes 
C)  Transferring one of its charged, stabilized atoms to the cell membrane, which causes lysis 
D)  Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane

Question 17

The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Dysplasia 
B)  Pathologic dysplasia 
C)  Hyperplasia 
D)  Pathologic hyperplasia 
A)  Dysplasia 
B)  Pathologic dysplasia 
C)  Hyperplasia 
D)  Pathologic hyperplasia

Question 18

What is the most common site of lipid accumulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coronary arteries 
B)  Kidneys 
C)  Liver 
D)  Subcutaneous tissue 
A)  Coronary arteries 
B)  Kidneys 
C)  Liver 
D)  Subcutaneous tissue

Question 19

Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory:

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrophy 
B)  Metaplasia 
C)  Hyperplasia 
D)  Dysplasia 
A)  Atrophy 
B)  Metaplasia 
C)  Hyperplasia 
D)  Dysplasia

Question 20

The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)during ischemia causes cells to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Shrink because of the influx of calcium (Ca). 
B)  Shrink because of the influx of potassium chloride (KCl). 
C)  Swell because of the influx of sodium chloride (NaCl). 
D)  Swell because of the influx of nitric oxide (NO). 
A)  Shrink because of the influx of calcium (Ca). 
B)  Shrink because of the influx of potassium chloride (KCl). 
C)  Swell because of the influx of sodium chloride (NaCl). 
D)  Swell because of the influx of nitric oxide (NO).

Exam 2: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis?

It is true that nondividing cells are:

What effect does fetal alcohol syndrome have on newborns? (Select all that apply.)

Which statements are true regarding the effects of marijuana use? (Select all that apply.)

What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial cells?

During cell injury caused by hypoxia,an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within the cell because:

Carbon monoxide causes tissue damage by:

What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury?

What organs are affected by the type of necrosis that results from either severe ischemia or chemical injury? (Select all that apply.)

What is an example of compensatory hyperplasia?

Which organs are affected by lead consumption? (Select all that apply.)

What two types of hearing loss are associated with noise?

Lead poisoning affects the nervous system by:

The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of hormonal:

What physiologic change occurs during heat exhaustion?

Free radicals cause cell damage by:

The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called:

What is the most common site of lipid accumulation?

Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory:

The loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)during ischemia causes cells to:

Cellular Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Filters