Question 1

The process of conjugation of bilirubin in the liver is best described as which transformation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unconjugated (fat-soluble) bilirubin into urobilinogen 
B)  Unconjugated (fat-soluble) bilirubin into conjugated (water-soluble) bilirubin 
C)  Conjugated (water-soluble) bilirubin into unconjugated (fat-soluble) bilirubin 
D)  Conjugated (water-soluble) bilirubin into urobilinogen 
A)  Unconjugated (fat-soluble) bilirubin into urobilinogen 
B)  Unconjugated (fat-soluble) bilirubin into conjugated (water-soluble) bilirubin 
C)  Conjugated (water-soluble) bilirubin into unconjugated (fat-soluble) bilirubin 
D)  Conjugated (water-soluble) bilirubin into urobilinogen B

Question 2

Gastric emptying is delayed by the presence of which substances? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Solids 
B)  Carbohydrates 
C)  Nonisotonic solutions 
D)  Bacteria 
E)  Fats 
A)  Solids 
B)  Carbohydrates 
C)  Nonisotonic solutions 
D)  Bacteria 
E)  Fats A,C,E

Question 3

What process is capable of increasing both intrathoracic and intraabdominal pressure,thereby facilitating defecation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Relaxation of the internal anal sphincter 
B)  Intestinal peristalsis 
C)  Valsalva maneuver 
D)  Ileogastric reflex 
A)  Relaxation of the internal anal sphincter 
B)  Intestinal peristalsis 
C)  Valsalva maneuver 
D)  Ileogastric reflex C

Question 4

Which hormones are involved in the relaxation of the stomach's fundus during swallowing? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Progesterone 
B)  Glucagon 
C)  Motilin 
D)  Gastrin 
E)  Cholecystokinin 
A)  Progesterone 
B)  Glucagon 
C)  Motilin 
D)  Gastrin 
E)  Cholecystokinin

Question 5

Match the hormone from the small intestine with its action.Hormones may be used more than once.
-Stimulates the pancreas to secrete alkaline pancreatic juices.

Accepted Answer

A) Peptide YY 
B) Secretin 
C) Cholecystokinin 
D) Enteroglucagon 
E) Pancreatic polypeptide 
A) Peptide YY 
B) Secretin 
C) Cholecystokinin 
D) Enteroglucagon 
E) Pancreatic polypeptide

Question 6

Which structure synthesizes clotting factors and the vitamin K necessary for hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Colon 
B)  Spleen 
C)  Gallbladder 
D)  Liver 
A)  Colon 
B)  Spleen 
C)  Gallbladder 
D)  Liver

Question 7

Kupffer cells are best described as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural killer cells that produce interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) 
B)  Contractile and therefore capable of regulating the sinusoid blood flow 
C)  Bactericidal and therefore central to innate immunity 
D)  Able to metabolize estrogen, progesterone, and androgens 
A)  Natural killer cells that produce interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) 
B)  Contractile and therefore capable of regulating the sinusoid blood flow 
C)  Bactericidal and therefore central to innate immunity 
D)  Able to metabolize estrogen, progesterone, and androgens

Question 8

Which statement is true regarding the state of the intestinal tract at birth?

Accepted Answer

A)  The intestinal tract is colonized by Escherichia coli. 
B)  The intestinal tract is sterile. 
C)  Clostridium welchii is present in the intestinal tract but in very small numbers. 
D)  Streptococcus colonization in the intestinal tract has begun. 
A)  The intestinal tract is colonized by Escherichia coli. 
B)  The intestinal tract is sterile. 
C)  Clostridium welchii is present in the intestinal tract but in very small numbers. 
D)  Streptococcus colonization in the intestinal tract has begun.

Question 9

Which cells in the stomach secrete histamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxyntic 
B)  Chief 
C)  D 
D)  Enterochromaffin-like 
A)  Oxyntic 
B)  Chief 
C)  D 
D)  Enterochromaffin-like

Question 10

Bilirubin is a by-product of the destruction of which aged cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Platelets 
B)  Protein 
C)  Leukocytes 
D)  Erythrocytes 
A)  Platelets 
B)  Protein 
C)  Leukocytes 
D)  Erythrocytes

Question 11

Exposure to which substance protects the mucosal barrier of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prostaglandins 
B)  Aspirin 
C)  Helicobacter pylori 
D)  Regurgitated bile 
A)  Prostaglandins 
B)  Aspirin 
C)  Helicobacter pylori 
D)  Regurgitated bile

Question 12

Which statement best describes the gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  The gastrointestinal tract is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach. 
B)  The gastrointestinal tract is a hollow tube that extends from the mouth to the anus. 
C)  The gastrointestinal tract is a baglike structure that propels partially digested food (chyme). 
D)  The structure is 5 m long and consists of three segments. 
A)  The gastrointestinal tract is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach. 
B)  The gastrointestinal tract is a hollow tube that extends from the mouth to the anus. 
C)  The gastrointestinal tract is a baglike structure that propels partially digested food (chyme). 
D)  The structure is 5 m long and consists of three segments.

Question 13

In the mouth and stomach,salivary a-amylase initiates the digestion of which nutrients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins 
B)  Carbohydrates 
C)  Fats 
D)  Fiber 
A)  Proteins 
B)  Carbohydrates 
C)  Fats 
D)  Fiber

Question 14

Which statements are true regarding the ileogastric reflex? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  The purpose of ileogastric reflex is to inhibit gastric motility. 
B)  Ileum distension triggers the ileogastric reflex. 
C)  The ileogastric reflex causes the relaxation of the ileocecal sphincter. 
D)  Increased gastric secretion triggers the ileogastric reflex. 
E)  The ileogastric reflex stimulates an increase in ileal motility. 
A)  The purpose of ileogastric reflex is to inhibit gastric motility. 
B)  Ileum distension triggers the ileogastric reflex. 
C)  The ileogastric reflex causes the relaxation of the ileocecal sphincter. 
D)  Increased gastric secretion triggers the ileogastric reflex. 
E)  The ileogastric reflex stimulates an increase in ileal motility.

Question 15

Match the hormone from the small intestine with its action.Hormones may be used more than once.
-Stimulates the gallbladder to eject bile and the pancreas to secrete alkaline fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) Peptide YY 
B) Secretin 
C) Cholecystokinin 
D) Enteroglucagon 
E) Pancreatic polypeptide 
A) Peptide YY 
B) Secretin 
C) Cholecystokinin 
D) Enteroglucagon 
E) Pancreatic polypeptide

Question 16

Where in the small intestines are lymphocytes,plasma cells,and macrophages produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brush border 
B)  Microvilli 
C)  Lamina propria 
D)  Crypts of Lieberkühn 
A)  Brush border 
B)  Microvilli 
C)  Lamina propria 
D)  Crypts of Lieberkühn

Question 17

The formation of water-soluble molecules to facilitate the absorption of the by-products of lipid hydrolysis is accomplished by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Micelles 
B)  Phospholipase 
C)  Chylomicrons 
D)  Colipase 
A)  Micelles 
B)  Phospholipase 
C)  Chylomicrons 
D)  Colipase

Question 18

What is the primary source of physiologic iron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transferrin from plasma 
B)  Pepsin form pepsinogen 
C)  Bile from bilirubin 
D)  Heme from animal protein 
A)  Transferrin from plasma 
B)  Pepsin form pepsinogen 
C)  Bile from bilirubin 
D)  Heme from animal protein

Question 19

Which enzyme breaks down protein-forming polypeptides in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetylcholine 
B)  Pepsin 
C)  Gastrin 
D)  Secretin 
A)  Acetylcholine 
B)  Pepsin 
C)  Gastrin 
D)  Secretin

Question 20

Why are water and electrolytes transported in both directions through tight junctions and intercellular spaces rather than across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The intercellular hydrostatic pressure is inadequate to push the water and electrolytes across the cell membranes. 
B)  A balance of cations and ions among the electrolytes on each side of the cell membranes cannot be maintained. 
C)  The epithelial cell membranes are formed of lipids that are hydrophobic and therefore repel water. 
D)  Receptors on those cell membranes are occupied with a diffusion of amino acids and monosaccharides. 
A)  The intercellular hydrostatic pressure is inadequate to push the water and electrolytes across the cell membranes. 
B)  A balance of cations and ions among the electrolytes on each side of the cell membranes cannot be maintained. 
C)  The epithelial cell membranes are formed of lipids that are hydrophobic and therefore repel water. 
D)  Receptors on those cell membranes are occupied with a diffusion of amino acids and monosaccharides.

Exam 40: Structure and Function of the Digestive System

The process of conjugation of bilirubin in the liver is best described as which transformation?

Gastric emptying is delayed by the presence of which substances? (Select all that apply.)

What process is capable of increasing both intrathoracic and intraabdominal pressure,thereby facilitating defecation?

Which hormones are involved in the relaxation of the stomach's fundus during swallowing? (Select all that apply.)

Match the hormone from the small intestine with its action.Hormones may be used more than once. -Stimulates the pancreas to secrete alkaline pancreatic juices.

Which structure synthesizes clotting factors and the vitamin K necessary for hemostasis?

Kupffer cells are best described as:

Which statement is true regarding the state of the intestinal tract at birth?

Which cells in the stomach secrete histamine?

Bilirubin is a by-product of the destruction of which aged cells?

Exposure to which substance protects the mucosal barrier of the stomach?

Which statement best describes the gastrointestinal tract?

In the mouth and stomach,salivary a-amylase initiates the digestion of which nutrients?

Which statements are true regarding the ileogastric reflex? (Select all that apply.)

Match the hormone from the small intestine with its action.Hormones may be used more than once. -Stimulates the gallbladder to eject bile and the pancreas to secrete alkaline fluid.

Where in the small intestines are lymphocytes,plasma cells,and macrophages produced?

The formation of water-soluble molecules to facilitate the absorption of the by-products of lipid hydrolysis is accomplished by:

What is the primary source of physiologic iron?

Which enzyme breaks down protein-forming polypeptides in the stomach?

Why are water and electrolytes transported in both directions through tight junctions and intercellular spaces rather than across cell membranes?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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