Question 1

During the cardiac cycle,why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the ventricles relax?

Accepted Answer

A)  Papillary muscles relax, which allows the valves to close. 
B)  Chordae tendineae contract, which pulls the valves closed. 
C)  Reduced pressure in the ventricles creates a negative pressure, which pulls the valves closed. 
D)  Blood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to merge, closing the valves. 
A)  Papillary muscles relax, which allows the valves to close. 
B)  Chordae tendineae contract, which pulls the valves closed. 
C)  Reduced pressure in the ventricles creates a negative pressure, which pulls the valves closed. 
D)  Blood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to merge, closing the valves. D

Question 2

Pressure in the left ventricle must exceed pressure in which structure before the left ventricle can eject blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Superior vena cava 
B)  Aorta 
C)  Inferior vena cava 
D)  Pulmonary veins 
A)  Superior vena cava 
B)  Aorta 
C)  Inferior vena cava 
D)  Pulmonary veins B

Question 3

During the cardiac cycle,which structure directly delivers action potential to the ventricular myocardium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
B)  Atrioventricular (AV) node 
C)  Purkinje fibers 
D)  Bundle branches 
A)  Sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
B)  Atrioventricular (AV) node 
C)  Purkinje fibers 
D)  Bundle branches C

Question 4

Reflex control of total cardiac output and total peripheral resistance is controlled by what mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart, arterioles, and veins 
B)  Sympathetic stimulation of the heart, arterioles, and veins 
C)  Autonomic control of the heart only 
D)  Somatic control of the heart, arterioles, and veins 
A)  Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart, arterioles, and veins 
B)  Sympathetic stimulation of the heart, arterioles, and veins 
C)  Autonomic control of the heart only 
D)  Somatic control of the heart, arterioles, and veins

Question 5

Occlusion of the circumflex artery during a myocardial infarction would interrupt blood supply to which area?

Accepted Answer

A)  Left and right ventricles and much of the interventricular septum 
B)  Posterior interventricular sulcus and the smaller branches of both ventricles 
C)  Upper right ventricle, right marginal branch, and right ventricle to the apex 
D)  Left atrium and the lateral wall of the left ventricle 
A)  Left and right ventricles and much of the interventricular septum 
B)  Posterior interventricular sulcus and the smaller branches of both ventricles 
C)  Upper right ventricle, right marginal branch, and right ventricle to the apex 
D)  Left atrium and the lateral wall of the left ventricle

Question 6

Match the description with the corresponding terms.
-Frank-Starling law

Accepted Answer

A) Relationship among blood flow, pressure, and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension, intraventricular pressure, internal radius, and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment, movement, and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle 
A) Relationship among blood flow, pressure, and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension, intraventricular pressure, internal radius, and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment, movement, and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle

Question 7

What is the most important negative inotropic agent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Norepinephrine 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Acetylcholine 
D)  Dopamine 
A)  Norepinephrine 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Acetylcholine 
D)  Dopamine

Question 8

If the sinoatrial (SA)node fails,then at what rate (depolarizations per minute)can the atrioventricular (AV)node depolarize?

Accepted Answer

A)  60 to 70 
B)  40 to 60 
C)  30 to 40 
D)  10 to 20 
A)  60 to 70 
B)  40 to 60 
C)  30 to 40 
D)  10 to 20

Question 9

Regarding the heart's valves,what is a function of the papillary muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)  The papillary muscles close the semilunar valve. 
B)  These muscles prevent backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valve. 
C)  They close the atrioventricular valve. 
D)  The papillary muscles open the semilunar valve. 
A)  The papillary muscles close the semilunar valve. 
B)  These muscles prevent backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valve. 
C)  They close the atrioventricular valve. 
D)  The papillary muscles open the semilunar valve.

Question 10

Which statements are true concerning the method in which substances pass between capillaries and the interstitial fluid? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Substances pass through junctions between endothelial cells. 
B)  Substances pass through pores or oval windows (fenestrations). 
C)  Substances pass between vesicles by active transport across the endothelial cell membrane. 
D)  Substances pass across the endothelial cell membrane by osmosis. 
E)  Substances pass through endothelial cell membranes by diffusion. 
A)  Substances pass through junctions between endothelial cells. 
B)  Substances pass through pores or oval windows (fenestrations). 
C)  Substances pass between vesicles by active transport across the endothelial cell membrane. 
D)  Substances pass across the endothelial cell membrane by osmosis. 
E)  Substances pass through endothelial cell membranes by diffusion.

Question 11

An early diastole peak caused by filling of the atrium from peripheral veins is identified by which intracardiac pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  A wave 
B)  V wave 
C)  C wave 
D)  X descent 
A)  A wave 
B)  V wave 
C)  C wave 
D)  X descent

Question 12

Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery during a myocardial infarction would interrupt blood supply to which structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Left and right ventricles and much of the interventricular septum 
B)  Left atrium and the lateral wall of the left ventricle 
C)  Upper right ventricle, right marginal branch, and right ventricle to the apex 
D)  Posterior interventricular sulcus and the smaller branches of both ventricles 
A)  Left and right ventricles and much of the interventricular septum 
B)  Left atrium and the lateral wall of the left ventricle 
C)  Upper right ventricle, right marginal branch, and right ventricle to the apex 
D)  Posterior interventricular sulcus and the smaller branches of both ventricles

Question 13

Where in the heart are the receptors for neurotransmitters located?

Accepted Answer

A)  Semilunar and atrioventricular (AV) valves 
B)  Endocardium and sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
C)  Myocardium and coronary vessels 
D)  Epicardium and AV node 
A)  Semilunar and atrioventricular (AV) valves 
B)  Endocardium and sinoatrial (S
A)  node 
C)  Myocardium and coronary vessels 
D)  Epicardium and AV node

Question 14

What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chordae tendineae relax, which allows the valves to close. 
B)  Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close. 
C)  Trabeculae carneae contract, which pulls the valves closed. 
D)  Reduced pressure in the atria creates a negative pressure that pulls the valves closed. 
A)  Chordae tendineae relax, which allows the valves to close. 
B)  Increased pressure in the ventricles pushes the valves to close. 
C)  Trabeculae carneae contract, which pulls the valves closed. 
D)  Reduced pressure in the atria creates a negative pressure that pulls the valves closed.

Question 15

Within a physiologic range,what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload)result in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase in force of contraction 
B)  Decrease in refractory time 
C)  Increase in afterload 
D)  Decrease in repolarization 
A)  Increase in force of contraction 
B)  Decrease in refractory time 
C)  Increase in afterload 
D)  Decrease in repolarization

Question 16

What can shorten the conduction time of action potential through the atrioventricular (AV)node?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parasympathetic nervous system 
B)  Catecholamines 
C)  Vagal stimulation 
D)  Sinoatrial node (S
A)  
A)  Parasympathetic nervous system 
B)  Catecholamines 
C)  Vagal stimulation 
D)  Sinoatrial node (S
A)

Question 17

Where is the major cardiovascular center in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frontal lobe 
B)  Thalamus 
C)  Brainstem 
D)  Hypothalamus 
A)  Frontal lobe 
B)  Thalamus 
C)  Brainstem 
D)  Hypothalamus

Question 18

Match the description with the corresponding terms.
-Poiseuille law

Accepted Answer

A) Relationship among blood flow, pressure, and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension, intraventricular pressure, internal radius, and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment, movement, and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle 
A) Relationship among blood flow, pressure, and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension, intraventricular pressure, internal radius, and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment, movement, and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle

Question 19

When the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole increases,the force of the myocardial contraction during the next systole will also increase,which is an example of which law or theory about the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Laplace's law 
B)  Poiseuille law 
C)  Cross-bridge theory 
D)  Frank-Starling law 
A)  Laplace's law 
B)  Poiseuille law 
C)  Cross-bridge theory 
D)  Frank-Starling law

Question 20

Which statement does not accurately describe the pericardium?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pericardium is a double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart. 
B)  It is made up of connective tissue and a surface layer of squamous cells. 
C)  The pericardium protects the heart against infection and inflammation from the lungs and pleural space. 
D)  It contains pain and mechanoreceptors that can elicit reflex changes in blood pressure and heart rate. 
A)  The pericardium is a double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart. 
B)  It is made up of connective tissue and a surface layer of squamous cells. 
C)  The pericardium protects the heart against infection and inflammation from the lungs and pleural space. 
D)  It contains pain and mechanoreceptors that can elicit reflex changes in blood pressure and heart rate.

Exam 31: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

During the cardiac cycle,why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the ventricles relax?

Pressure in the left ventricle must exceed pressure in which structure before the left ventricle can eject blood?

During the cardiac cycle,which structure directly delivers action potential to the ventricular myocardium?

Reflex control of total cardiac output and total peripheral resistance is controlled by what mechanism?

Occlusion of the circumflex artery during a myocardial infarction would interrupt blood supply to which area?

Match the description with the corresponding terms. -Frank-Starling law

What is the most important negative inotropic agent?

If the sinoatrial (SA)node fails,then at what rate (depolarizations per minute)can the atrioventricular (AV)node depolarize?

Regarding the heart's valves,what is a function of the papillary muscles?

Which statements are true concerning the method in which substances pass between capillaries and the interstitial fluid? (Select all that apply.)

An early diastole peak caused by filling of the atrium from peripheral veins is identified by which intracardiac pressure?

Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery during a myocardial infarction would interrupt blood supply to which structures?

Where in the heart are the receptors for neurotransmitters located?

What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood?

Within a physiologic range,what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload)result in?

What can shorten the conduction time of action potential through the atrioventricular (AV)node?

Where is the major cardiovascular center in the central nervous system?

Match the description with the corresponding terms. -Poiseuille law

When the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole increases,the force of the myocardial contraction during the next systole will also increase,which is an example of which law or theory about the heart?

Which statement does not accurately describe the pericardium?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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