Question 1

Which medical diagnosis is characterized by tissue degeneration or irritation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lateral epicondylitis 
B)  Medial tendinitis 
C)  Bursitis 
D)  Lateral tendinitis 
A)  Lateral epicondylitis 
B)  Medial tendinitis 
C)  Bursitis 
D)  Lateral tendinitis A

Question 2

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics.
-Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency

Accepted Answer

A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairment of the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease 
A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairment of the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease C

Question 3

Bone death as a result of osteomyelitis is due to what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of immune complexes at the site of infection 
B)  Localized ischemia 
C)  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) 
D)  Impaired nerve innervation at the site of infection 
A)  Formation of immune complexes at the site of infection 
B)  Localized ischemia 
C)  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) 
D)  Impaired nerve innervation at the site of infection B

Question 4

Which medical diagnosis is described as a chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by stiffening and fusion of the spine and sacroiliac joints?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ankylosing spondylitis 
B)  Rheumatoid arthritis 
C)  Paget disease 
D)  Fibromyalgia 
A)  Ankylosing spondylitis 
B)  Rheumatoid arthritis 
C)  Paget disease 
D)  Fibromyalgia

Question 5

What event is associated with the beginning of bone loss in women?

Accepted Answer

A)  Puberty 
B)  Sexual activity 
C)  Childbirth 
D)  Menopause 
A)  Puberty 
B)  Sexual activity 
C)  Childbirth 
D)  Menopause

Question 6

What is the most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone deformity 
B)  Bone pain 
C)  Pathologic fracture 
D)  Muscle strain 
A)  Bone deformity 
B)  Bone pain 
C)  Pathologic fracture 
D)  Muscle strain

Question 7

What is the primary pathologic alteration resulting from ankylosing spondylitis (AS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inflammation of the sacroiliac joint 
B)  Inflammation of the long bones 
C)  Inflammation of fibrocartilaginous joints of the vertebrae 
D)  Inflammation of the small hand and feet bones 
A)  Inflammation of the sacroiliac joint 
B)  Inflammation of the long bones 
C)  Inflammation of fibrocartilaginous joints of the vertebrae 
D)  Inflammation of the small hand and feet bones

Question 8

Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of osteosarcoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slow-growing tumor that begins in the bone marrow and infiltrates the trabeculae 
B)  Solitary tumor that most often affects the metaphyseal region of the femur or tibia 
C)  Aggressive tumor most often found in the bone marrow of long bones 
D)  Tumor that infiltrates the trabeculae in spongy bone and implants in surrounding tissue by seeding 
A)  Slow-growing tumor that begins in the bone marrow and infiltrates the trabeculae 
B)  Solitary tumor that most often affects the metaphyseal region of the femur or tibia 
C)  Aggressive tumor most often found in the bone marrow of long bones 
D)  Tumor that infiltrates the trabeculae in spongy bone and implants in surrounding tissue by seeding

Question 9

Which clinical manifestations are characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Subcutaneous tissue crystals 
B)  Anorexia 
C)  Painful, stiffening of joints 
D)  Edema of the wrists 
E)  Fever 
A)  Subcutaneous tissue crystals 
B)  Anorexia 
C)  Painful, stiffening of joints 
D)  Edema of the wrists 
E)  Fever

Question 10

Which clinical manifestations are associated with fibromyalgia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hot, tender, and edematous muscle groups bilaterally 
B)  Fasciculations of the upper and lower extremity muscles 
C)  Exercise intolerance and painful muscle cramps 
D)  Sensitivity at tender points and profound fatigue 
A)  Hot, tender, and edematous muscle groups bilaterally 
B)  Fasciculations of the upper and lower extremity muscles 
C)  Exercise intolerance and painful muscle cramps 
D)  Sensitivity at tender points and profound fatigue

Question 11

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics.
-McArdle disease

Accepted Answer

A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairment of the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease 
A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairment of the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease

Question 12

What is a primary defect in osteoarthritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stromelysin and acid metalloproteinase break down articular cartilage. 
B)  Immunoglobulin G (IgG) destroys the synovial membrane. 
C)  Synovial membranes become inflamed. 
D)  Cartilage-coated osteophytes create bone spurs. 
A)  Stromelysin and acid metalloproteinase break down articular cartilage. 
B)  Immunoglobulin G (IgG) destroys the synovial membrane. 
C)  Synovial membranes become inflamed. 
D)  Cartilage-coated osteophytes create bone spurs.

Question 13

Considering the pathophysiologic process of osteoporosis,after being activated by receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL),receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (RANK)activates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoclast apoptosis 
B)  Osteoblast survival 
C)  Osteoprotegerin 
D)  Osteoclast survival 
A)  Osteoclast apoptosis 
B)  Osteoblast survival 
C)  Osteoprotegerin 
D)  Osteoclast survival

Question 14

Which statement is false about factors that contribute to the difficulty in treating bone infections?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone contains multiple microscopic channels that are impermeable to the cells and biochemicals of the body's natural defenses. 
B)  Microcirculation of bone is highly vulnerable to damage and destruction by bacterial toxins, leading to ischemic necrosis of bone. 
C)  Bone cells have a limited capacity to replace bone destroyed by infections. 
D)  Bacteria are walled off by macrophages and T lymphocytes; consequently, the antibiotics cannot penetrate the infected area. 
A)  Bone contains multiple microscopic channels that are impermeable to the cells and biochemicals of the body's natural defenses. 
B)  Microcirculation of bone is highly vulnerable to damage and destruction by bacterial toxins, leading to ischemic necrosis of bone. 
C)  Bone cells have a limited capacity to replace bone destroyed by infections. 
D)  Bacteria are walled off by macrophages and T lymphocytes; consequently, the antibiotics cannot penetrate the infected area.

Question 15

Which structure attaches skeletal muscle to bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tendon 
B)  Ligament 
C)  Bursa 
D)  Mesentery 
A)  Tendon 
B)  Ligament 
C)  Bursa 
D)  Mesentery

Question 16

In ankylosing spondylitis,the CD8+ T cells are presented with which antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synovium 
B)  Cartilage 
C)  Tendons 
D)  Ligaments 
A)  Synovium 
B)  Cartilage 
C)  Tendons 
D)  Ligaments

Question 17

Which statement is false concerning giant cell tumors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Giant cell tumors are an overexpression of genes including osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL). 
B)  The tumors are malignant, solitary, and irregularly shaped. 
C)  Giant cell tumors are typically located in the epiphysis in the femur, tibia, radius, and humerus. 
D)  They are slow-growing tumors that extend over the articular cartilage. 
A)  Giant cell tumors are an overexpression of genes including osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL). 
B)  The tumors are malignant, solitary, and irregularly shaped. 
C)  Giant cell tumors are typically located in the epiphysis in the femur, tibia, radius, and humerus. 
D)  They are slow-growing tumors that extend over the articular cartilage.

Question 18

The tear in a ligament is referred to as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Fracture 
B)  Strain 
C)  Disunion 
D)  Sprain 
A)  Fracture 
B)  Strain 
C)  Disunion 
D)  Sprain

Question 19

Which disorder is characterized by the formation of abnormal new bone at an accelerated rate beginning with excessive resorption of spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteomalacia 
B)  Paget disease 
C)  Osteoporosis 
D)  Osteosarcoma 
A)  Osteomalacia 
B)  Paget disease 
C)  Osteoporosis 
D)  Osteosarcoma

Question 20

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics.
-Polymyositis

Accepted Answer

A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairment of the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease 
A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairment of the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease

Exam 44: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Which medical diagnosis is characterized by tissue degeneration or irritation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon?

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics. -Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency

Bone death as a result of osteomyelitis is due to what?

Which medical diagnosis is described as a chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by stiffening and fusion of the spine and sacroiliac joints?

What event is associated with the beginning of bone loss in women?

What is the most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis?

What is the primary pathologic alteration resulting from ankylosing spondylitis (AS)?

Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of osteosarcoma?

Which clinical manifestations are characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis? (Select all that apply.)

Which clinical manifestations are associated with fibromyalgia?

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics. -McArdle disease

What is a primary defect in osteoarthritis?

Considering the pathophysiologic process of osteoporosis,after being activated by receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL),receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (RANK)activates which of the following?

Which statement is false about factors that contribute to the difficulty in treating bone infections?

Which structure attaches skeletal muscle to bone?

In ankylosing spondylitis,the CD8+ T cells are presented with which antigen?

Which statement is false concerning giant cell tumors?

The tear in a ligament is referred to as a:

Which disorder is characterized by the formation of abnormal new bone at an accelerated rate beginning with excessive resorption of spongy bone?

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics. -Polymyositis

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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