Question 1

What is the central component of the pathogenic model of multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myelination of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) 
B)  Demyelination of nerve fibers in the CNS 
C)  Development of neurofibrillary tangles in the CNS 
D)  Inherited autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance 
A)  Myelination of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) 
B)  Demyelination of nerve fibers in the CNS 
C)  Development of neurofibrillary tangles in the CNS 
D)  Inherited autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance B

Question 2

A man who sustained a cervical spinal cord injury 2 days ago suddenly develops severe hypertension and bradycardia.He reports severe head pain and blurred vision.The most likely explanation for these clinical manifestations is that he is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Experiencing acute anxiety 
B)  Developing spinal shock 
C)  Developing autonomic hyperreflexia 
D)  Experiencing parasympathetic areflexia 
A)  Experiencing acute anxiety 
B)  Developing spinal shock 
C)  Developing autonomic hyperreflexia 
D)  Experiencing parasympathetic areflexia C

Question 3

The most likely rationale for body temperature fluctuations after cervical spinal cord injury is that the person has:

Accepted Answer

A)  Developed bilateral pneumonia or a urinary tract infection. 
B)  Sustain sympathetic nervous system damage resulting in disturbed thermal control. 
C)  Sustained a head injury that damaged the hypothalamus's ability to regulate temperature. 
D)  Developed septicemia from posttrauma infection. 
A)  Developed bilateral pneumonia or a urinary tract infection. 
B)  Sustain sympathetic nervous system damage resulting in disturbed thermal control. 
C)  Sustained a head injury that damaged the hypothalamus's ability to regulate temperature. 
D)  Developed septicemia from posttrauma infection. B

Question 4

A blunt force injury to the forehead would result in a coup injury to which region of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frontal 
B)  Temporal 
C)  Parietal 
D)  Occipital 
A)  Frontal 
B)  Temporal 
C)  Parietal 
D)  Occipital

Question 5

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Encephalitis

Accepted Answer

A) Complication of mastoiditis 
B) Opportunistic infection 
C) CNS manifestation of tuberculosis 
D) Mosquito-borne viral infection 
E) Tick-borne bacterial infection 
A) Complication of mastoiditis 
B) Opportunistic infection 
C) CNS manifestation of tuberculosis 
D) Mosquito-borne viral infection 
E) Tick-borne bacterial infection

Question 6

Multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome are similar in that they both:

Accepted Answer

A)  Result from demyelination by an immune reaction. 
B)  Cause permanent destruction of peripheral nerves. 
C)  Result from inadequate production of neurotransmitters. 
D)  Block acetylcholine receptor sites at the myoneuronal junction. 
A)  Result from demyelination by an immune reaction. 
B)  Cause permanent destruction of peripheral nerves. 
C)  Result from inadequate production of neurotransmitters. 
D)  Block acetylcholine receptor sites at the myoneuronal junction.

Question 7

Atrial fibrillation,rheumatic heart disease,and valvular prosthetics are risk factors for which type of stroke?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemorrhagic 
B)  Thrombotic 
C)  Embolic 
D)  Lacunar 
A)  Hemorrhagic 
B)  Thrombotic 
C)  Embolic 
D)  Lacunar

Question 8

Which clinical manifestation is characteristic of cluster headaches? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Preheadache aura 
B)  Severe unilateral tearing 
C)  Gradual onset of a tight band around the head 
D)  Significant unilateral, temporal pain 
E)  Pain lasting from 30 to 120 minutes 
A)  Preheadache aura 
B)  Severe unilateral tearing 
C)  Gradual onset of a tight band around the head 
D)  Significant unilateral, temporal pain 
E)  Pain lasting from 30 to 120 minutes

Question 9

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Meningitis

Accepted Answer

A) Complication of mastoiditis 
B) Opportunistic infection 
C) CNS manifestation of tuberculosis 
D) Mosquito-borne viral infection 
E) Tick-borne bacterial infection 
A) Complication of mastoiditis 
B) Opportunistic infection 
C) CNS manifestation of tuberculosis 
D) Mosquito-borne viral infection 
E) Tick-borne bacterial infection

Question 10

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Brain abscess

Accepted Answer

A) Complication of mastoiditis 
B) Opportunistic infection 
C) CNS manifestation of tuberculosis 
D) Mosquito-borne viral infection 
E) Tick-borne bacterial infection 
A) Complication of mastoiditis 
B) Opportunistic infection 
C) CNS manifestation of tuberculosis 
D) Mosquito-borne viral infection 
E) Tick-borne bacterial infection

Question 11

What are the initial clinical manifestations immediately noted after a spinal cord injury? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Headache 
B)  Bladder incontinence 
C)  Loss of deep tendon reflexes 
D)  Hypertension 
E)  Flaccid paralysis 
A)  Headache 
B)  Bladder incontinence 
C)  Loss of deep tendon reflexes 
D)  Hypertension 
E)  Flaccid paralysis

Question 12

Why does a person who has a spinal cord injury experience faulty control of sweating?

Accepted Answer

A)  The hypothalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of damage to the sympathetic nervous system. 
B)  The thalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of damage to the sympathetic nervous system. 
C)  The hypothalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of damage to the parasympathetic nervous system. 
D)  The thalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of damage to spinal nerve roots. 
A)  The hypothalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of damage to the sympathetic nervous system. 
B)  The thalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of damage to the sympathetic nervous system. 
C)  The hypothalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of damage to the parasympathetic nervous system. 
D)  The thalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of damage to spinal nerve roots.

Question 13

Which condition poses the highest risk for a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus 
B)  Hypertension 
C)  Polycythemia 
D)  Smoking 
A)  Insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus 
B)  Hypertension 
C)  Polycythemia 
D)  Smoking

Question 14

Which disorder has clinical manifestations that include decreased consciousness for up to 6 hours,as well as retrograde and posttraumatic amnesia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mild concussion 
B)  Classic concussion 
C)  Cortical contusion 
D)  Acute subdural hematoma 
A)  Mild concussion 
B)  Classic concussion 
C)  Cortical contusion 
D)  Acute subdural hematoma

Question 15

Microinfarcts resulting in pure motor or pure sensory deficits are the result of which type of stroke?

Accepted Answer

A)  Embolic 
B)  Hemorrhagic 
C)  Lacunar 
D)  Thrombotic 
A)  Embolic 
B)  Hemorrhagic 
C)  Lacunar 
D)  Thrombotic

Question 16

The edema of the upper cervical cord after spinal cord injury is considered life threatening because of which possible outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypovolemic shock from blood lost during the injury 
B)  Breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm 
C)  Head injury that likely occurred during the injury 
D)  Spinal shock immediately after the injury 
A)  Hypovolemic shock from blood lost during the injury 
B)  Breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm 
C)  Head injury that likely occurred during the injury 
D)  Spinal shock immediately after the injury

Question 17

The most common primary central nervous system (CNS)tumor is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Microglioma 
B)  Neuroblastoma 
C)  Astrocytoma 
D)  Neuroma 
A)  Microglioma 
B)  Neuroblastoma 
C)  Astrocytoma 
D)  Neuroma

Question 18

Multiple sclerosis is best described as a(an):

Accepted Answer

A)  Central nervous system demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus 
B)  Inadequate supply of acetylcholine at the neurotransmitter junction as a result of an autoimmune disorder 
C)  Depletion of dopamine in the central nervous system as a result of a virus 
D)  Degenerative disorder of lower and upper motor neurons caused by viral-immune factors 
A)  Central nervous system demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus 
B)  Inadequate supply of acetylcholine at the neurotransmitter junction as a result of an autoimmune disorder 
C)  Depletion of dopamine in the central nervous system as a result of a virus 
D)  Degenerative disorder of lower and upper motor neurons caused by viral-immune factors

Question 19

A right hemisphere embolic CVA has resulted in left-sided paralysis and reduced sensation of the left foot and leg.Which cerebral artery is most likely affected by the emboli?

Accepted Answer

A)  Middle cerebral 
B)  Vertebral 
C)  Posterior cerebral 
D)  Anterior cerebral 
A)  Middle cerebral 
B)  Vertebral 
C)  Posterior cerebral 
D)  Anterior cerebral

Question 20

Which cerebral vascular hemorrhage causes meningeal irritation,photophobia,and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intracranial 
B)  Subarachnoid 
C)  Epidural 
D)  Subdural 
A)  Intracranial 
B)  Subarachnoid 
C)  Epidural 
D)  Subdural

Exam 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

What is the central component of the pathogenic model of multiple sclerosis?

A man who sustained a cervical spinal cord injury 2 days ago suddenly develops severe hypertension and bradycardia.He reports severe head pain and blurred vision.The most likely explanation for these clinical manifestations is that he is:

The most likely rationale for body temperature fluctuations after cervical spinal cord injury is that the person has:

A blunt force injury to the forehead would result in a coup injury to which region of the brain?

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Encephalitis

Multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome are similar in that they both:

Atrial fibrillation,rheumatic heart disease,and valvular prosthetics are risk factors for which type of stroke?

Which clinical manifestation is characteristic of cluster headaches? (Select all that apply.)

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Meningitis

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Brain abscess

What are the initial clinical manifestations immediately noted after a spinal cord injury? (Select all that apply.)

Why does a person who has a spinal cord injury experience faulty control of sweating?

Which condition poses the highest risk for a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

Which disorder has clinical manifestations that include decreased consciousness for up to 6 hours,as well as retrograde and posttraumatic amnesia?

Microinfarcts resulting in pure motor or pure sensory deficits are the result of which type of stroke?

The edema of the upper cervical cord after spinal cord injury is considered life threatening because of which possible outcome?

The most common primary central nervous system (CNS)tumor is the:

Multiple sclerosis is best described as a(an):

A right hemisphere embolic CVA has resulted in left-sided paralysis and reduced sensation of the left foot and leg.Which cerebral artery is most likely affected by the emboli?

Which cerebral vascular hemorrhage causes meningeal irritation,photophobia,and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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