Question 1

Which secretion is a first line of defense against pathogen invasion that involves antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids,as well as lactic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Optic tears 
B)  Oral saliva 
C)  Sweat gland perspiration 
D)  Sebaceous gland sebum 
A)  Optic tears 
B)  Oral saliva 
C)  Sweat gland perspiration 
D)  Sebaceous gland sebum D

Question 2

In the coagulation (clotting)cascade,the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways converge at which factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  XII 
B)  VII 
C)  X 
D)  V 
A)  XII 
B)  VII 
C)  X 
D)  V C

Question 3

What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases capillary permeability, and causes pain. 
B)  Increases neutrophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation. 
C)  Causes smooth muscle contraction and fever. 
D)  Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet aggregation. 
A)  Increases capillary permeability, and causes pain. 
B)  Increases neutrophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation. 
C)  Causes smooth muscle contraction and fever. 
D)  Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet aggregation. D

Question 4

Match each step of phagocytosis with its function.
-Microorganisms are ingested.

Accepted Answer

A) Opsonization 
B) Engulfment 
C) Phagosome 
D) Fusion 
E) Destruction 
A) Opsonization 
B) Engulfment 
C) Phagosome 
D) Fusion 
E) Destruction

Question 5

What is the role of a natural killer (NK)cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Initiation of the complement cascade 
B)  Elimination of malignant cells 
C)  Binding tightly to antigens 
D)  Proliferation after immunization with antigen 
A)  Initiation of the complement cascade 
B)  Elimination of malignant cells 
C)  Binding tightly to antigens 
D)  Proliferation after immunization with antigen

Question 6

Normal bacterial flora found in the intestines produce vitamin K to assist in the absorption of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium 
B)  Fatty acids 
C)  Large polysaccharides 
D)  Iron 
E)  Magnesium 
A)  Calcium 
B)  Fatty acids 
C)  Large polysaccharides 
D)  Iron 
E)  Magnesium

Question 7

Which cytokine is produced and released from virally infected host cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  IL-1 
B)  IL-10 
C)  TNF-α 
D)  IFN-α 
A)  IL-1 
B)  IL-10 
C)  TNF-α 
D)  IFN-α

Question 8

Match each step of phagocytosis with its function.
-Lysosomal granules enter the phagocyte.

Accepted Answer

A) Opsonization 
B) Engulfment 
C) Phagosome 
D) Fusion 
E) Destruction 
A) Opsonization 
B) Engulfment 
C) Phagosome 
D) Fusion 
E) Destruction

Question 9

In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells,the role of eosinophils is to release:

Accepted Answer

A)  Arylsulfatase B, which stimulates the formation of B lymphocytes 
B)  Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation 
C)  Lysosomal enzymes, which activate mast cell degranulation during acute inflammation 
D)  Immunoglobulin E, which defends the body against parasites 
A)  Arylsulfatase B, which stimulates the formation of B lymphocytes 
B)  Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation 
C)  Lysosomal enzymes, which activate mast cell degranulation during acute inflammation 
D)  Immunoglobulin E, which defends the body against parasites

Question 10

Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lactobacillus 
B)  Candida albicans 
C)  Clostridium difficile 
D)  Helicobacter pylori 
A)  Lactobacillus 
B)  Candida albicans 
C)  Clostridium difficile 
D)  Helicobacter pylori

Question 11

The function of opsonization related to the complement cascade is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Tag of pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages. 
B)  Process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created for acquired immunity. 
C)  Destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms. 
D)  Promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation. 
A)  Tag of pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages. 
B)  Process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created for acquired immunity. 
C)  Destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms. 
D)  Promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation.

Question 12

Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leukotrienes 
B)  Prostaglandin E 
C)  Platelet-activating factor 
D)  Bradykinin 
A)  Leukotrienes 
B)  Prostaglandin E 
C)  Platelet-activating factor 
D)  Bradykinin

Question 13

What is the correct sequence in phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Engulfment, recognition, fusion, destruction 
B)  Fusion, engulfment, recognition, destruction 
C)  Recognition, engulfment, fusion, destruction 
D)  Engulfment, fusion, recognition, destruction 
A)  Engulfment, recognition, fusion, destruction 
B)  Fusion, engulfment, recognition, destruction 
C)  Recognition, engulfment, fusion, destruction 
D)  Engulfment, fusion, recognition, destruction

Question 14

What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Platelet adhesion 
B)  Initiation of the clotting cascade 
C)  Vasodilation 
D)  Increased endothelial adhesiveness 
A)  Platelet adhesion 
B)  Initiation of the clotting cascade 
C)  Vasodilation 
D)  Increased endothelial adhesiveness

Question 15

During the process of endocytosis,the phagosome step results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  Microorganisms are ingested. 
B)  Microorganisms are killed and digested. 
C)  Phagocytes recognize and adhere to bacteria. 
D)  An intracellular phagocytic vacuole is formed. 
A)  Microorganisms are ingested. 
B)  Microorganisms are killed and digested. 
C)  Phagocytes recognize and adhere to bacteria. 
D)  An intracellular phagocytic vacuole is formed.

Question 16

When cellular damage occurs and regeneration is minor with no significant complications,the process of returning the cells to preinjury function is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Restoration 
B)  Resolution 
C)  Regrowth 
D)  Replacement 
A)  Restoration 
B)  Resolution 
C)  Regrowth 
D)  Replacement

Question 17

Activation of the classical pathway begins with:

Accepted Answer

A)  Viruses 
B)  Antigen-antibody complexes 
C)  Mast cells 
D)  Macrophages 
A)  Viruses 
B)  Antigen-antibody complexes 
C)  Mast cells 
D)  Macrophages

Question 18

The chemotactic factor affects the inflammatory process by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Causing vasodilation around the inflamed area 
B)  Stimulating smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area 
C)  Directing leukocytes to the inflamed area 
D)  Producing edema around the inflamed area 
A)  Causing vasodilation around the inflamed area 
B)  Stimulating smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area 
C)  Directing leukocytes to the inflamed area 
D)  Producing edema around the inflamed area

Question 19

Which manifestation of inflammation is systemic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of exudates 
B)  Fever and leukocytosis 
C)  Redness and heat 
D)  Pain and edema 
A)  Formation of exudates 
B)  Fever and leukocytosis 
C)  Redness and heat 
D)  Pain and edema

Question 20

IFN-α is secreted from which cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Virally infected cells 
B)  Bacterial infected cells 
C)  Macrophages 
D)  Mast cells 
A)  Virally infected cells 
B)  Bacterial infected cells 
C)  Macrophages 
D)  Mast cells

Exam 7: Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Which secretion is a first line of defense against pathogen invasion that involves antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids,as well as lactic acid?

In the coagulation (clotting)cascade,the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways converge at which factor?

What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)?

Match each step of phagocytosis with its function. -Microorganisms are ingested.

What is the role of a natural killer (NK)cells?

Normal bacterial flora found in the intestines produce vitamin K to assist in the absorption of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Which cytokine is produced and released from virally infected host cells?

Match each step of phagocytosis with its function. -Lysosomal granules enter the phagocyte.

In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells,the role of eosinophils is to release:

Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy?

The function of opsonization related to the complement cascade is to:

Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?

What is the correct sequence in phagocytosis?

What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?

During the process of endocytosis,the phagosome step results in:

When cellular damage occurs and regeneration is minor with no significant complications,the process of returning the cells to preinjury function is referred to as:

Activation of the classical pathway begins with:

The chemotactic factor affects the inflammatory process by:

Which manifestation of inflammation is systemic?

IFN-α is secreted from which cells?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems,Cerebral Hemodynamics,and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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