Question 1

Discovery learning involves understanding and

Accepted Answer

A) rote memory. 
B) instrumental conditioning. 
C) insight. 
D) observational learning. 
A) rote memory. 
B) instrumental conditioning. 
C) insight. 
D) observational learning.

Question 2

When people engage in various forms of gambling, they can play these "games of chance" uninterrupted for long periods of time because they are being reinforced on which type of reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

A) partial 
B) continuous 
C) fixed interval 
D) fixed ratio 
A) partial 
B) continuous 
C) fixed interval 
D) fixed ratio

Question 3

In its most basic form, response cost can be described as

Accepted Answer

A) aversive stimulation. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) a removal of a reinforcer. 
D) positive reinforcement. 
A) aversive stimulation. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) a removal of a reinforcer. 
D) positive reinforcement.

Question 4

In Russia, Ivan Pavlov discovered __________conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) vicarious 
B) operant 
C) classical 
D) cognitive 
A) vicarious 
B) operant 
C) classical 
D) cognitive

Question 5

Regarding the use of punishment for training or discipline, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The overall emotional adjustment of a child or pet disciplined mainly by punishment is usually superior to one disciplined mainly by reward. 
B) Using punishment can become "habit forming." 
C) Mild punishment tends to be ineffective if reinforcers for that misbehavior are still available in the situation. 
D) One should avoid punishing when angry because it is easy to get carried away and become abusive. 
A) The overall emotional adjustment of a child or pet disciplined mainly by punishment is usually superior to one disciplined mainly by reward. 
B) Using punishment can become "habit forming." 
C) Mild punishment tends to be ineffective if reinforcers for that misbehavior are still available in the situation. 
D) One should avoid punishing when angry because it is easy to get carried away and become abusive.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the conditions leading to the maximum effectiveness of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A) Punishment may be delayed, but must follow the response frequently. 
B) Punishment may be delayed, but must be given every time the response occurs. 
C) Punishment must be immediate, but may follow a response only occasionally. 
D) Punishment must be immediate and must be given every time the response occurs. 
A) Punishment may be delayed, but must follow the response frequently. 
B) Punishment may be delayed, but must be given every time the response occurs. 
C) Punishment must be immediate, but may follow a response only occasionally. 
D) Punishment must be immediate and must be given every time the response occurs.

Question 7

Which of the following teaches students in a format that presents information in small amounts, gives immediate practice, and provides continuous feedback to learners?

Accepted Answer

A) programmed instruction 
B) latent learning 
C) variable interval scheduling 
D) vicarious learning 
A) programmed instruction 
B) latent learning 
C) variable interval scheduling 
D) vicarious learning

Question 8

If you have ever learned your way through the various levels found in many video games, you have developed a cognitive map of the video game.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following concepts explains why young children may temporarily call all men daddy , much to the embarrassment of their parents?

Accepted Answer

A) latent learning. 
B) response chaining. 
C) operant stimulus discrimination. 
D) operant stimulus generalization. 
A) latent learning. 
B) response chaining. 
C) operant stimulus discrimination. 
D) operant stimulus generalization.

Question 10

Regarding observational learning, or modeling, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Humans are the only mammals that have the capacity for observational learning. 
B) Modeling allows a person to skip the tedious trial-and-error stage of learning. 
C) Through observational learning, a person may learn new responses or may learn a general rule that can be applied to various situations. 
D) If a model is successful at a task or rewarded for a response, the learner is more likely to imitate the behavior. 
A) Humans are the only mammals that have the capacity for observational learning. 
B) Modeling allows a person to skip the tedious trial-and-error stage of learning. 
C) Through observational learning, a person may learn new responses or may learn a general rule that can be applied to various situations. 
D) If a model is successful at a task or rewarded for a response, the learner is more likely to imitate the behavior.

Question 11

Which of the following was NOT one of the findings of Bandura's classic Bo-Bo doll experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) Most of the children imitated the model's attack on the Bo-Bo doll. 
B) Some of the children added new aggressive acts toward the doll that were not performed by the model. 
C) The cartoon model was only slightly less effective in encouraging aggression than the live model and the filmed model. 
D) The children imitated the cartoon and live models of children, but did not imitate the filmed adult models. 
A) Most of the children imitated the model's attack on the Bo-Bo doll. 
B) Some of the children added new aggressive acts toward the doll that were not performed by the model. 
C) The cartoon model was only slightly less effective in encouraging aggression than the live model and the filmed model. 
D) The children imitated the cartoon and live models of children, but did not imitate the filmed adult models.

Question 12

Mild punishment only temporarily suppresses a response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following occurs whenever a person or animal forms a simple connection among various stimuli and\or responses?

Accepted Answer

A) associative learning 
B) insight learning 
C) vicarious learning 
D) cognitive learning 
A) associative learning 
B) insight learning 
C) vicarious learning 
D) cognitive learning

Question 14

Mitzi's cat has learned to meow every time it hears the can opener because Mitzi opened the cat food using an electric can opener. The cat food now comes in pull-top cans, so the cat never receives food after hearing the can opener. Mitzi's cat stops meowing to the can opener, illustrating that which of the following has taken place?

Accepted Answer

A) shaping 
B) extinction 
C) a spontaneous recovery 
D) negative reinforcement 
A) shaping 
B) extinction 
C) a spontaneous recovery 
D) negative reinforcement

Question 15

Micah is extremely afraid of rats, but not of hamsters or gerbils. Micah's behavior illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) a spontaneous recovery. 
B) stimulus discrimination. 
C) stimulus generalization. 
D) latent learning. 
A) a spontaneous recovery. 
B) stimulus discrimination. 
C) stimulus generalization. 
D) latent learning.

Question 16

Responding is reliably increased by

Accepted Answer

A) both rewards and reinforcers. 
B) rewards. 
C) reinforcers. 
D) neither rewards nor reinforcers. 
A) both rewards and reinforcers. 
B) rewards. 
C) reinforcers. 
D) neither rewards nor reinforcers.

Question 17

You walk out into bright sunlight. You immediately reach in your purse and get your sunglasses. Putting on your sunglasses to escape the sun's bright light is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) positive reinforcement. 
C) response cost. 
D) aversive punishment. 
A) negative reinforcement. 
B) positive reinforcement. 
C) response cost. 
D) aversive punishment.

Question 18

Which of the following might serve as a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) sex 
B) grades 
C) food 
D) a pain-relieving drug 
A) sex 
B) grades 
C) food 
D) a pain-relieving drug

Question 19

Skills, such as dancing, tying your shoe, or playing a guitar, are most easily learned through modeling, or ___________ learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Skills, such as dancing, tying your shoe,...

Question 20

By a continuous reinforcement schedule, we mean that

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcements occur continuously regardless of the subject's behavior. 
B) responding without pausing is the requirement for reinforcement. 
C) each correct response is reinforced. 
D) reinforcement continues even when errors are made. 
A) reinforcements occur continuously regardless of the subject's behavior. 
B) responding without pausing is the requirement for reinforcement. 
C) each correct response is reinforced. 
D) reinforcement continues even when errors are made.

Discovery learning involves understanding and

When people engage in various forms of gambling, they can play these "games of chance" uninterrupted for long periods of time because they are being reinforced on which type of reinforcement schedule?

In its most basic form, response cost can be described as

In Russia, Ivan Pavlov discovered __________conditioning.

Regarding the use of punishment for training or discipline, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following best describes the conditions leading to the maximum effectiveness of punishment?

Which of the following teaches students in a format that presents information in small amounts, gives immediate practice, and provides continuous feedback to learners?

If you have ever learned your way through the various levels found in many video games, you have developed a cognitive map of the video game.

Which of the following concepts explains why young children may temporarily call all men daddy , much to the embarrassment of their parents?

Regarding observational learning, or modeling, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following was NOT one of the findings of Bandura's classic Bo-Bo doll experiment?

Mild punishment only temporarily suppresses a response.

Which of the following occurs whenever a person or animal forms a simple connection among various stimuli and\or responses?

Micah is extremely afraid of rats, but not of hamsters or gerbils. Micah's behavior illustrates

Responding is reliably increased by

You walk out into bright sunlight. You immediately reach in your purse and get your sunglasses. Putting on your sunglasses to escape the sun's bright light is an example of

Which of the following might serve as a secondary reinforcer?

Skills, such as dancing, tying your shoe, or playing a guitar, are most easily learned through modeling, or ___________ learning.

By a continuous reinforcement schedule, we mean that

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Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

Discovery learning involves understanding and

When people engage in various forms of gambling, they can play these "games of chance" uninterrupted for long periods of time because they are being reinforced on which type of reinforcement schedule?

In its most basic form, response cost can be described as

In Russia, Ivan Pavlov discovered __________conditioning.

Regarding the use of punishment for training or discipline, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following best describes the conditions leading to the maximum effectiveness of punishment?

Which of the following teaches students in a format that presents information in small amounts, gives immediate practice, and provides continuous feedback to learners?

If you have ever learned your way through the various levels found in many video games, you have developed a cognitive map of the video game.

Which of the following concepts explains why young children may temporarily call all men daddy , much to the embarrassment of their parents?

Regarding observational learning, or modeling, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following was NOT one of the findings of Bandura's classic Bo-Bo doll experiment?

Mild punishment only temporarily suppresses a response.

Which of the following occurs whenever a person or animal forms a simple connection among various stimuli and\or responses?

Micah is extremely afraid of rats, but not of hamsters or gerbils. Micah's behavior illustrates

Responding is reliably increased by

You walk out into bright sunlight. You immediately reach in your purse and get your sunglasses. Putting on your sunglasses to escape the sun's bright light is an example of

Which of the following might serve as a secondary reinforcer?

Skills, such as dancing, tying your shoe, or playing a guitar, are most easily learned through modeling, or ___________ learning.

By a continuous reinforcement schedule, we mean that

Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Brain and Behavior

Human Development

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Creativity

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Personality

Health, Stress, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Thinking and Social Influence

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Maximizing Learning through Reflective Processing and Active Thinking

Applied Psychology

Filters