Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

Which of the following schedules of reinforcement produces a slow, steady response rate with a tremendous resistance to extinction?

By changing the rules about what makes a successful response, we can gradually, through successive approximations, train an animal or a person to make a chain of responses or to improve a skill. This process is called

It has been found that in humans, latent learning often occurs because of

Although punishment has several drawbacks, it is most effective when

A second type of punishment in which a reinforcer or positive state of affairs is removed, such as the loss of privileges, is called

Any event that follows a response and decreases the likelihood of the response occurring again is referred to as

In operant conditioning, the most important aspects for the learning to take place are the

A reinforced response tends to be made again when similar antecedents are present. This is referred to as

Token reinforcers tend to lose their reinforcing value more quickly than primary reinforcers do.

Connie's children earn gold stars during the week for good behavior and completing their chores. If they earn enough gold stars, they are allowed on Sunday to choose one item out of a "grab bag" of small prizes. Connie is using which of the following with her children?

Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to __________.

Studies of animals, such as pigeons, rats, and scrub jays, show that animals

The reinforcer follows every correct response in which reinforcement schedule?

Unlike associative learning, which type of learning consists of understanding, knowing, anticipating, and making use of information-rich higher mental processes?

Each time he steps up to the plate, a baseball player touches the bill of his cap three times, just as he did before hitting a home run in a previous game. Which of the following accounts for his actions?

After watching a great deal of televised violence, people often become less likely to react negatively to the violence, that is, they become __________ to it.

As a child, you associated pain with a dentist's office. In later visits, your heart began to pound and your palms began to sweat before the dentist began any procedure. You are exhibiting a

Which of the following types of learning extends beyond basic conditioning into the realms of memory, thinking, problem solving, and language?

Ginger has been procrastinating on finishing her dissertation. So, she and her fiancé draw up a formal agreement in which she states that she will meet weekly deadlines on the number of pages she will complete and the rewards she will receive, such as eating out at her favorite restaurant, and the consequences she will incur, such as chores she hates to do. Ginger and her fiancé are utilizing which of the following to help Ginger finish her dissertation?

Watching the night sky and seeing "a shooting star" is reinforced on which schedule of reinforcement?