Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

Compared with learning by rote, which of the following produces learning that is more lasting and flexible?

When walking outside, your hands get so cold that they hurt. You take a pair of gloves out of your backpack and put them on, ending the pain. Putting on the gloves is

After he is spanked, Terrence feels angry, frustrated, and hostile, and goes immediately outside and picks a fight with his younger brother. What is most likely to occur in the future?

When the conditioned stimulus (CS)is not followed by the unconditioned stimulus (US), which of the following will eventually occur?

Your hand draws back from pain, bright light causes the pupil of your eye to narrow, and a puff of air directed at your eye will make you blink. All of these are examples of

Many involuntary, autonomic system responses ("fight-or-flight" reflexes)are linked with new stimuli and situations by

We are more adaptable because learning is extended to related situations through

Sanjay is making a decision concerning which job he will accept. He remembers how it was in similar jobs in the past and anticipates potential rewards and problems on each of these jobs. Like all humans, Sanjay's decision making is greatly affected by information, expectations, and his perceptions and demonstrates the impact of

The process through which a response is taught by rewarding successive approximations to the final desired response is called

Which of the following are tangible secondary reinforcers, such as money, gold stars, and poker chips that can be exchanged for food, lodgings, and other necessities?

A series of responses that gradually approach a desired pattern of behavior are called

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways recommended in the textbook to apply punishment?

Which of the following would be LEAST likely to lose its effectiveness as a reinforcer for a child learning to do household chores?

Which of the following involves any process in which information is imparted by example and allows the observer to skip the tedious trial-and-error stage of learning?

The onset of an unpleasant event that reduces a target behavior is referred to as a positive punishment.

Which of the following would be the most effective in stopping a behavior?

If a response is extinguished and comes back, the second operant extinction process usually

Punishment is often a bad idea in modifying behavior because it

When you are about to get a shot with a hypodermic needle, your muscles tighten and there is a catch in your breathing because you have learned to expect that getting poked with a needle will be painful. This explanation of your behavior is consistent with

A gambler playing a slot machine is being reinforced on which schedule of reinforcement?