Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

Sara wears the same bracelet to class each time she has a major test because she believes that wearing this piece of jewelry will assure her an A just like she got on the first test when she was wearing the bracelet. Sara is exhibiting a(n)__________ behavior.

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, salivation to the food was the

When she hears her father at the door, three-year-old Ashley runs to the front door, where she gets a hug from her father. This hug is considered a(n)

If you learn to make a response that will end an unpleasant or aversive situation, then you are exhibiting

While reinforcement typically exerts its effect through associative learning, a key component of cognitive learning is

After a response has been extinguished, it will often reappear after a short time has passed. This is referred to as a(n)__________.

Which of the following concepts explains how people who counsel traumatized victims of sexual abuse sometimes become traumatized themselves?

You want to stop your cat from clawing your new sofa by spraying a stream of water on the cat as punishment for clawing the furniture. If you are to be successful, you must

Two important aspects of stimulus control are

Kyle, a 12-year-old child, who is frequently punished by his father, often lies to his father about where he has been and often stays at a friend's house rather than going home. Kyle is demonstrating

Which of the following terms applies to the observation that responses reinforced in the presence of certain stimuli will occur under similar stimulus conditions?

On your cell phone, you have one ring tone for people you want to speak to, one ring tone for people you do not want to speak to, and another ring tone for calls from strangers. In fact, anyone can clearly observe that you show different telephone answering behaviors in response to these different ring tones. Thus, these ring tones serve as

For the early psychological researchers, such as Ivan Pavlov and Edward Thorndike, which type of learning was a fairly mechanical process of "stamping in" connections between objective stimuli and objective responses with no subjective "thinking" believed to be required?

Mina is ten years old and is undergoing chemotherapy. When she goes into the treatment center for her fourth treatment, Mina experiences nausea before the treatment even begins. Her nausea had been triggered by the sight of the treatment room. In this example, the treatment room was the

Secondary reinforcers are originally neutral, but gain their reinforcing properties by being associated with __________ reinforcers.

Regarding the experiments using intracranial self-stimulation of the pleasure centers, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A core assumption of early theories of associative learning was that learning did not require any thinking, or cognition. Animals, it was widely assumed, did not have "minds" and certainly could not "think" in anyway like humans do. A classic series of studies conducted in the 1930s at the University of California at Berkeley, began to challenge this assumption. These experiments that involved rats finding their way through mazes and which demonstrated latent learning were conducted by psychologist

The use of harsh or excessive punishment with children has been shown to lead to

After a response has been extinguished, it will often reappear after a short time has passed. This is called

Tuyet had successfully used extinction to eliminate her son's temper tantrums. However, several weeks later, her son threw another temper tantrum. Tuyet should be advised that