Question 1

If you study to achieve an A and the praise of your teacher, you are studying for __________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) negative 
B) positive 
C) primary 
D) latent 
A) negative 
B) positive 
C) primary 
D) latent

Question 2

In a classic experiment, two groups of rats explored a maze with the first group being rewarded with food at the end of the maze, while the second group wandered the maze but were unrewarded and showed no signs of learning. Later, when the second group was rewarded with food at the end of the maze, this second group of "uneducated" rats

Accepted Answer

A) only then began to learn the maze. 
B) learned the maze but always showed a much slower completion time as compared to the first group. 
C) ran the maze as quickly as the first group. 
D) never learned the maze until numerous feeding trials were utilized. 
A) only then began to learn the maze. 
B) learned the maze but always showed a much slower completion time as compared to the first group. 
C) ran the maze as quickly as the first group. 
D) never learned the maze until numerous feeding trials were utilized.

Question 3

Punishment is most effective in suppressing behavior when it is

Accepted Answer

A) immediate. 
B) consistent. 
C) severe. 
D) all of these. 
A) immediate. 
B) consistent. 
C) severe. 
D) all of these.

Question 4

A "behavioral contract" is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) system of self-management. 
B) new type of service contract. 
C) use of higher-order conditioning. 
D) illustration of the Doppler principle. 
A) system of self-management. 
B) new type of service contract. 
C) use of higher-order conditioning. 
D) illustration of the Doppler principle.

Question 5

Explain what it means to be a cognitive time traveler; and discuss two research studies that have been conducted to determine whether other animals, besides humans, are cognitive time travelers.

Accepted Answer

Answer will include that we humans are c

Question 6

During classical conditioning, the sound of a clap is paired with a puff of air being delivered to the eye. The clap is referred to as the __________ stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned 
B) unconditioned 
C) latent 
D) instrumental 
A) conditioned 
B) unconditioned 
C) latent 
D) instrumental

Question 7

Which of the following types of learning is strengthened each time a response is followed by a satisfying state of affairs and weakened if the response is followed by an unsatisfying state of affairs?

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) respondent conditioning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) Pavlovian conditioning 
A) operant conditioning 
B) respondent conditioning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) Pavlovian conditioning

Question 8

Extinction in operant conditioning involves

Accepted Answer

A) withholding reinforcement. 
B) punishment. 
C) test trials. 
D) shaping. 
A) withholding reinforcement. 
B) punishment. 
C) test trials. 
D) shaping.

Question 9

If a reinforcer is only given after a desired response has occurred, the reinforcer is said to be

Accepted Answer

A) cue dependent. 
B) a conditioned response. 
C) a successive approximation. 
D) response contingent. 
A) cue dependent. 
B) a conditioned response. 
C) a successive approximation. 
D) response contingent.

Question 10

It is much more effective to

Accepted Answer

A) punish unwanted behaviors than it is to reinforce desirable behaviors. 
B) reinforce desirable behaviors than it is to punish unwanted behaviors. 
C) use punishment for unwanted behaviors than to use nonreinforcement by ignoring them. 
D) use a combination of punishment and extinction than to use reinforcement. 
A) punish unwanted behaviors than it is to reinforce desirable behaviors. 
B) reinforce desirable behaviors than it is to punish unwanted behaviors. 
C) use punishment for unwanted behaviors than to use nonreinforcement by ignoring them. 
D) use a combination of punishment and extinction than to use reinforcement.

Question 11

If you wear sunglasses to escape the glare of the sun, then you are wearing the sunglasses because of __________reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you wear sunglasses to escape the...

Question 12

The feelings of fear that occur during a conditioned emotional response are produced by the amygdala, which is part of the

Accepted Answer

A) brainstem. 
B) reticular formation. 
C) limbic system. 
D) cerebral cortex. 
A) brainstem. 
B) reticular formation. 
C) limbic system. 
D) cerebral cortex.

Question 13

In his experiments, Pavlov found that conditioning worked best if the CS was presented

Accepted Answer

A) just before the US. 
B) at the same time as the US. 
C) just after the US. 
D) instead of the US. 
A) just before the US. 
B) at the same time as the US. 
C) just after the US. 
D) instead of the US.

Question 14

If you try to avoid, narrow down, or remove stimuli that elicit the bad habit, you are breaking this bad habit using the strategy that involves

Accepted Answer

A) breaking up response chains. 
B) cues and antecedents. 
C) alternate responses. 
D) negative reinforcement. 
A) breaking up response chains. 
B) cues and antecedents. 
C) alternate responses. 
D) negative reinforcement.

Question 15

Vicarious classical conditioning occurs when a person learns to respond emotionally to a stimulus

Accepted Answer

A) by experiencing a traumatic event in the presence of others. 
B) through systematic desensitization. 
C) by observing another person's emotional reactions. 
D) after experiencing repression for a traumatic event. 
A) by experiencing a traumatic event in the presence of others. 
B) through systematic desensitization. 
C) by observing another person's emotional reactions. 
D) after experiencing repression for a traumatic event.

Question 16

When computer-generated images are used to safely simulate the experience of boarding an airplane for a person with a phobia of air travel, the person is undergoing a form of

Accepted Answer

A) systematic desensitization. 
B) cognitive mapping. 
C) latent learning. 
D) higher-order acquisition. 
A) systematic desensitization. 
B) cognitive mapping. 
C) latent learning. 
D) higher-order acquisition.

Question 17

Whenever Aria is angry with her son and daughter, she slaps them in the face. She has been using this type of harsh punishment excessively for the last two years. This type of punishment

Accepted Answer

A) can lead to long-term mental health problems. 
B) has not been shown to increase aggressiveness in children. 
C) typically leads to fewer problem behaviors in children. 
D) does not cause escape or avoidance behaviors by children. 
A) can lead to long-term mental health problems. 
B) has not been shown to increase aggressiveness in children. 
C) typically leads to fewer problem behaviors in children. 
D) does not cause escape or avoidance behaviors by children.

Question 18

When a teenager loses his phone privileges or is "grounded," the parent is using

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) response chaining. 
C) response cost. 
D) positive punishment. 
A) negative reinforcement. 
B) response chaining. 
C) response cost. 
D) positive punishment.

Question 19

Fears and phobias cannot be readily eased by merely reading about them because

Accepted Answer

A) most phobias are usually learned before a child is capable of reading. 
B) phobias have an inherited pattern that runs in families. 
C) one cannot learn complex behaviors merely by reading about them. 
D) cognitive learning has little effect on the lower brain areas that produce feelings of fear. 
A) most phobias are usually learned before a child is capable of reading. 
B) phobias have an inherited pattern that runs in families. 
C) one cannot learn complex behaviors merely by reading about them. 
D) cognitive learning has little effect on the lower brain areas that produce feelings of fear.

Question 20

Agricultural workers are paid according to the number of barrels of apples they pick. They are on which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio 
B) fixed interval 
C) variable ratio 
D) variable interval 
A) fixed ratio 
B) fixed interval 
C) variable ratio 
D) variable interval

If you study to achieve an A and the praise of your teacher, you are studying for __________ reinforcement.

Punishment is most effective in suppressing behavior when it is

A "behavioral contract" is a(n)

Explain what it means to be a cognitive time traveler; and discuss two research studies that have been conducted to determine whether other animals, besides humans, are cognitive time travelers.

During classical conditioning, the sound of a clap is paired with a puff of air being delivered to the eye. The clap is referred to as the __________ stimulus.

Which of the following types of learning is strengthened each time a response is followed by a satisfying state of affairs and weakened if the response is followed by an unsatisfying state of affairs?

Extinction in operant conditioning involves

If a reinforcer is only given after a desired response has occurred, the reinforcer is said to be

It is much more effective to

If you wear sunglasses to escape the glare of the sun, then you are wearing the sunglasses because of __________reinforcement.

The feelings of fear that occur during a conditioned emotional response are produced by the amygdala, which is part of the

In his experiments, Pavlov found that conditioning worked best if the CS was presented

If you try to avoid, narrow down, or remove stimuli that elicit the bad habit, you are breaking this bad habit using the strategy that involves

Vicarious classical conditioning occurs when a person learns to respond emotionally to a stimulus

When computer-generated images are used to safely simulate the experience of boarding an airplane for a person with a phobia of air travel, the person is undergoing a form of

Whenever Aria is angry with her son and daughter, she slaps them in the face. She has been using this type of harsh punishment excessively for the last two years. This type of punishment

When a teenager loses his phone privileges or is "grounded," the parent is using

Fears and phobias cannot be readily eased by merely reading about them because

Agricultural workers are paid according to the number of barrels of apples they pick. They are on which schedule of reinforcement?

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Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

If you study to achieve an A and the praise of your teacher, you are studying for __________ reinforcement.

Punishment is most effective in suppressing behavior when it is

A "behavioral contract" is a(n)

Explain what it means to be a cognitive time traveler; and discuss two research studies that have been conducted to determine whether other animals, besides humans, are cognitive time travelers.

During classical conditioning, the sound of a clap is paired with a puff of air being delivered to the eye. The clap is referred to as the __________ stimulus.

Which of the following types of learning is strengthened each time a response is followed by a satisfying state of affairs and weakened if the response is followed by an unsatisfying state of affairs?

Extinction in operant conditioning involves

If a reinforcer is only given after a desired response has occurred, the reinforcer is said to be

It is much more effective to

If you wear sunglasses to escape the glare of the sun, then you are wearing the sunglasses because of __________reinforcement.

The feelings of fear that occur during a conditioned emotional response are produced by the amygdala, which is part of the

In his experiments, Pavlov found that conditioning worked best if the CS was presented

If you try to avoid, narrow down, or remove stimuli that elicit the bad habit, you are breaking this bad habit using the strategy that involves

Vicarious classical conditioning occurs when a person learns to respond emotionally to a stimulus

When computer-generated images are used to safely simulate the experience of boarding an airplane for a person with a phobia of air travel, the person is undergoing a form of

Whenever Aria is angry with her son and daughter, she slaps them in the face. She has been using this type of harsh punishment excessively for the last two years. This type of punishment

When a teenager loses his phone privileges or is "grounded," the parent is using

Fears and phobias cannot be readily eased by merely reading about them because

Agricultural workers are paid according to the number of barrels of apples they pick. They are on which schedule of reinforcement?

Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Brain and Behavior

Human Development

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Creativity

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Personality

Health, Stress, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Thinking and Social Influence

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Maximizing Learning through Reflective Processing and Active Thinking

Applied Psychology

Filters