Question 1

Because punishment is aversive, people and situations associated with punishment tend to become feared, resented, or disliked through __________ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because punishment is aversive, people and situations...

Question 2

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are two types of __________ learning.

Accepted Answer

A) insight 
B) associative 
C) vicarious 
D) cognitive 
A) insight 
B) associative 
C) vicarious 
D) cognitive

Question 3

Internal images or other mental representations of an area (maze, city, campus, etc.)that underlie an ability to choose alternative paths to the same goal is a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Internal images or other mental representations of...

Question 4

Skills, such as tying a tie or playing a guitar, are most easily learned through

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) verbal instruction. 
C) modeling. 
D) instrumental learning. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) verbal instruction. 
C) modeling. 
D) instrumental learning.

Question 5

Associative learning occurs whenever a person or an animal forms a simple connection among various

Accepted Answer

A) motives and drives. 
B) reinforcements and punishments. 
C) stimuli and responses. 
D) expectancies and types of feedback. 
A) motives and drives. 
B) reinforcements and punishments. 
C) stimuli and responses. 
D) expectancies and types of feedback.

Question 6

Regarding associative and cognitive learning, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Learning from written language is considered a complex form of associative learning. 
B) Some animals besides humans do engage in simpler forms of cognitive learning. 
C) Associative learning requires relatively little awareness or thought. 
D) Humans share the important capacity for associative learning with many other species. 
A) Learning from written language is considered a complex form of associative learning. 
B) Some animals besides humans do engage in simpler forms of cognitive learning. 
C) Associative learning requires relatively little awareness or thought. 
D) Humans share the important capacity for associative learning with many other species.

Question 7

Wearing a particular hat because you got lots of compliments illustrates the form of learning known as classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is a learned reinforcer that often gains its reinforcing properties by its association with food, water, sex, or pain reduction?

Accepted Answer

A) primary reinforcer 
B) instrumental reinforcer 
C) unconditional reinforcer 
D) secondary reinforcer 
A) primary reinforcer 
B) instrumental reinforcer 
C) unconditional reinforcer 
D) secondary reinforcer

Question 9

A college professor who gives daily quizzes, grades them immediately, and returns them with the errors and corrected answers shown is

Accepted Answer

A) using increased feedback. 
B) using the CAI technique. 
C) applying instructional games. 
D) employing the two-factor theory of learning. 
A) using increased feedback. 
B) using the CAI technique. 
C) applying instructional games. 
D) employing the two-factor theory of learning.

Question 10

Akia rubbed some cortisone cream on the spot where a mosquito had bitten her and the itching stopped. The next time a mosquito bit her, she reached for the cortisone cream. In terms of operant conditioning, this is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) aversive punishment. 
D) response cost. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) aversive punishment. 
D) response cost.

Question 11

Tristan and his brother Ian are fighting over a video game. So, Mom takes the video game system away from them for an hour. Mom has used

Accepted Answer

A) response cost. 
B) aversive conditioning. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) positive punishment. 
A) response cost. 
B) aversive conditioning. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) positive punishment.

Question 12

In a recent study, college students played either a violent action game (Conan)or a nonviolent racing game (Fuel)with both games being equally competitive, difficult, and fast-paced. The college students were then given the opportunity to aggress against their competitor. The results of this study showed that

Accepted Answer

A) the college students who played the violent game were more likely to be aggressive. 
B) the college students who played the nonviolent game were more likely to be aggressive. 
C) the college students who played the violent game were no more likely to be aggressive than those who played the nonviolent game. 
D) no aggression toward other players was exhibited by any of the game players. 
A) the college students who played the violent game were more likely to be aggressive. 
B) the college students who played the nonviolent game were more likely to be aggressive. 
C) the college students who played the violent game were no more likely to be aggressive than those who played the nonviolent game. 
D) no aggression toward other players was exhibited by any of the game players.

Question 13

The unconditioned stimulus, by definition, leads to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned response. 
B) conditioned stimulus. 
C) unconditioned response. 
D) classic response. 
A) conditioned response. 
B) conditioned stimulus. 
C) unconditioned response. 
D) classic response.

Question 14

What do positive and negative reinforcement have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) They both have aversive qualities. 
B) They both have unpredictable qualities. 
C) They both lead to a decrease in response frequencies. 
D) They both lead to an increase in response frequencies. 
A) They both have aversive qualities. 
B) They both have unpredictable qualities. 
C) They both lead to a decrease in response frequencies. 
D) They both lead to an increase in response frequencies.

Question 15

The perspective that explains learning as a mental expectancy of an upcoming association between two events is known as

Accepted Answer

A) the law of effect. 
B) the interactional view. 
C) the informational view. 
D) latent learning. 
A) the law of effect. 
B) the interactional view. 
C) the informational view. 
D) latent learning.

Question 16

To be most effective, punishment should be

Accepted Answer

A) delayed for a period of time in order for the child to have time to think about his or her misbehavior and why it is wrong. 
B) expressed with anger to get the child's full attention. 
C) done in public to add the punishing effect of embarrassment. 
D) combined with the reinforcement of alternate, desirable behaviors. 
A) delayed for a period of time in order for the child to have time to think about his or her misbehavior and why it is wrong. 
B) expressed with anger to get the child's full attention. 
C) done in public to add the punishing effect of embarrassment. 
D) combined with the reinforcement of alternate, desirable behaviors.

Question 17

Reinforcement typically exerts its effect through

Accepted Answer

A) associative learning. 
B) insight learning. 
C) cognitive learning. 
D) introspection. 
A) associative learning. 
B) insight learning. 
C) cognitive learning. 
D) introspection.

Question 18

Katherine is a telemarketer who receives $25 for every 12 calls she makes. Katherine is on which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed interval 
B) fixed ratio 
C) variable ratio 
D) variable interval 
A) fixed interval 
B) fixed ratio 
C) variable ratio 
D) variable interval

Question 19

Feedback is most effective when it is frequent, immediate, and

Accepted Answer

A) positive. 
B) negative. 
C) detailed. 
D) anonymous. 
A) positive. 
B) negative. 
C) detailed. 
D) anonymous.

Question 20

When Jason is scolded by his mother, he actually increases the misbehavior because he finally has her attention. For Jason, the scolding serves as a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Jason is scolded by his mother,...

Because punishment is aversive, people and situations associated with punishment tend to become feared, resented, or disliked through __________ conditioning.

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are two types of __________ learning.

Internal images or other mental representations of an area (maze, city, campus, etc.)that underlie an ability to choose alternative paths to the same goal is a(n)__________.

Skills, such as tying a tie or playing a guitar, are most easily learned through

Associative learning occurs whenever a person or an animal forms a simple connection among various

Regarding associative and cognitive learning, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Wearing a particular hat because you got lots of compliments illustrates the form of learning known as classical conditioning.

Which of the following is a learned reinforcer that often gains its reinforcing properties by its association with food, water, sex, or pain reduction?

A college professor who gives daily quizzes, grades them immediately, and returns them with the errors and corrected answers shown is

Akia rubbed some cortisone cream on the spot where a mosquito had bitten her and the itching stopped. The next time a mosquito bit her, she reached for the cortisone cream. In terms of operant conditioning, this is an example of

Tristan and his brother Ian are fighting over a video game. So, Mom takes the video game system away from them for an hour. Mom has used

The unconditioned stimulus, by definition, leads to a(n)

What do positive and negative reinforcement have in common?

The perspective that explains learning as a mental expectancy of an upcoming association between two events is known as

To be most effective, punishment should be

Reinforcement typically exerts its effect through

Katherine is a telemarketer who receives $25 for every 12 calls she makes. Katherine is on which schedule of reinforcement?

Feedback is most effective when it is frequent, immediate, and

When Jason is scolded by his mother, he actually increases the misbehavior because he finally has her attention. For Jason, the scolding serves as a(n)__________.

Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Brain and Behavior

Human Development

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Creativity

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Personality

Health, Stress, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Thinking and Social Influence

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Maximizing Learning through Reflective Processing and Active Thinking

Applied Psychology

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Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

Because punishment is aversive, people and situations associated with punishment tend to become feared, resented, or disliked through __________ conditioning.

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are two types of __________ learning.

Internal images or other mental representations of an area (maze, city, campus, etc.)that underlie an ability to choose alternative paths to the same goal is a(n)__________.

Skills, such as tying a tie or playing a guitar, are most easily learned through

Associative learning occurs whenever a person or an animal forms a simple connection among various

Regarding associative and cognitive learning, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Wearing a particular hat because you got lots of compliments illustrates the form of learning known as classical conditioning.

Which of the following is a learned reinforcer that often gains its reinforcing properties by its association with food, water, sex, or pain reduction?

A college professor who gives daily quizzes, grades them immediately, and returns them with the errors and corrected answers shown is

Akia rubbed some cortisone cream on the spot where a mosquito had bitten her and the itching stopped. The next time a mosquito bit her, she reached for the cortisone cream. In terms of operant conditioning, this is an example of

Tristan and his brother Ian are fighting over a video game. So, Mom takes the video game system away from them for an hour. Mom has used

The unconditioned stimulus, by definition, leads to a(n)

What do positive and negative reinforcement have in common?

The perspective that explains learning as a mental expectancy of an upcoming association between two events is known as

To be most effective, punishment should be

Reinforcement typically exerts its effect through

Katherine is a telemarketer who receives $25 for every 12 calls she makes. Katherine is on which schedule of reinforcement?

Feedback is most effective when it is frequent, immediate, and

When Jason is scolded by his mother, he actually increases the misbehavior because he finally has her attention. For Jason, the scolding serves as a(n)__________.

Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Brain and Behavior

Human Development

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Creativity

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Personality

Health, Stress, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Thinking and Social Influence

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Maximizing Learning through Reflective Processing and Active Thinking

Applied Psychology

Filters