Question 1

Internal images or other mental representations of an area (maze, city, campus, etc.)that underlie an ability to choose alternative paths to the same goal is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive map. 
B) cognitive antecedent. 
C) eidetic image. 
D) non-operant response. 
A) cognitive map. 
B) cognitive antecedent. 
C) eidetic image. 
D) non-operant response.

Question 2

Regarding research on whether animals are sensitive to a passage of time, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Pigeons put in a Skinner box with a pecking key on each wall were not able to learn to peck at different keys based on the time of day. 
B) Rats on fixed interval schedules stop responding immediately after they received a reinforcer and did not start again until just before the next scheduled reinforcement. 
C) When scrub jays were allowed to hoard nuts in one location and worms in another, they would go directly to the worms if they were released four hours later. 
D) When scrub jays were allowed to hoard nuts in one location and worms in another, they would go directly to the nuts if they were released five days later. 
A) Pigeons put in a Skinner box with a pecking key on each wall were not able to learn to peck at different keys based on the time of day. 
B) Rats on fixed interval schedules stop responding immediately after they received a reinforcer and did not start again until just before the next scheduled reinforcement. 
C) When scrub jays were allowed to hoard nuts in one location and worms in another, they would go directly to the worms if they were released four hours later. 
D) When scrub jays were allowed to hoard nuts in one location and worms in another, they would go directly to the nuts if they were released five days later.

Question 3

A key element underlying cognitive learning is

Accepted Answer

A) feedback. 
B) reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) respondent conditioning. 
A) feedback. 
B) reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) respondent conditioning.

Question 4

Regarding superstitious behavior, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Superstitious behavior is based upon an apparent connection between a response and a reinforcer. 
B) Superstitious behavior is due to the occurrence of a spontaneous recovery. 
C) Superstitious behavior is observed only in people, not in other animals. 
D) Superstitious behaviors are learned patterns of behavior that consistently predict future events. 
A) Superstitious behavior is based upon an apparent connection between a response and a reinforcer. 
B) Superstitious behavior is due to the occurrence of a spontaneous recovery. 
C) Superstitious behavior is observed only in people, not in other animals. 
D) Superstitious behaviors are learned patterns of behavior that consistently predict future events.

Question 5

Your friend tells you that "negative reinforcement is a type of punishment." Explain why your friend is wrong about these concepts by giving the definition and an example of each concept.

Accepted Answer

Answer will include the definition diffe

Question 6

If you wear a particular tie and get teased and laughed at, you are less likely to wear this tie again. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) an automatic, nonlearned response. 
B) learning by an association of stimuli. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) classical conditioning. 
A) an automatic, nonlearned response. 
B) learning by an association of stimuli. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) classical conditioning.

Question 7

Research has shown that watching a lot of violence on television may cause us to become

Accepted Answer

A) sensitized to violence. 
B) more anxious when in the presence of violence. 
C) desensitized to violence. 
D) less violent. 
A) sensitized to violence. 
B) more anxious when in the presence of violence. 
C) desensitized to violence. 
D) less violent.

Question 8

Rajesh tells his new joke to three different people, and each one of them laughs. Because telling the joke led to laughter, which Rajesh enjoys, he will be more likely to tell this joke to other people. This situation illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) vicarious conditioning. 
C) the law of association. 
D) the law of effect. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) vicarious conditioning. 
C) the law of association. 
D) the law of effect.

Question 9

Which of the following involves using a well-learned conditioned stimulus (CS)as an unconditioned stimulus (US)?

Accepted Answer

A) acquisitional training 
B) higher-order conditioning 
C) shaping 
D) extinction 
A) acquisitional training 
B) higher-order conditioning 
C) shaping 
D) extinction

Question 10

Learning the latest dance step by watching others on television is an example of which kind of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) discovery learning. 
C) modeling. 
D) instrumental learning. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) discovery learning. 
C) modeling. 
D) instrumental learning.

Question 11

The fact that rats running a maze will go directly to a food goal box instead of a previously learned longer route indicates that rats

Accepted Answer

A) learn a series of responses only. 
B) learn what turns to take in a maze to get to a reward. 
C) are smarter than monkeys when it comes to finding food. 
D) learn the location of the reward. 
A) learn a series of responses only. 
B) learn what turns to take in a maze to get to a reward. 
C) are smarter than monkeys when it comes to finding food. 
D) learn the location of the reward.

Question 12

Yasmin has always gotten people's attention by acting "silly," but she wants to get out of this habit. So, she practices intelligent but interesting "starter" conversations to keep people's attention. Yasmin is using which strategy for breaking a bad habit?

Accepted Answer

A) breaking up response chains 
B) cues and antecedents 
C) alternate responses 
D) extinction 
A) breaking up response chains 
B) cues and antecedents 
C) alternate responses 
D) extinction

Question 13

A team coach who scolds and benches a player for poor performance is using

Accepted Answer

A) aversive conditioning. 
B) modeling. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) punishment. 
A) aversive conditioning. 
B) modeling. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) punishment.

Question 14

s or principles gained by insight that often lead to a better understanding of new or unusual problems describes __________ learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of s or principles gained by insight that...

Question 15

"After visiting Chattanooga, Tennessee last summer, I can imagine the layout of the city in my mind." This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) imprinting. 
B) a cognitive map. 
C) automatic adaptation. 
D) stimulus control. 
A) imprinting. 
B) a cognitive map. 
C) automatic adaptation. 
D) stimulus control.

Question 16

As you enter the grocery store, your little daughter Marta spots a toy at the front of the store and begins to beg for it. According to the textbook, your best course of action would be to

Accepted Answer

A) spank her immediately in front of people so the punishment will have the most effect. 
B) immediately go and buy her a toy and then continue your shopping. 
C) get very angry with her and stay angry with her as long as you are in the store. 
D) ignore the whine and try to engage her in helping you shop. 
A) spank her immediately in front of people so the punishment will have the most effect. 
B) immediately go and buy her a toy and then continue your shopping. 
C) get very angry with her and stay angry with her as long as you are in the store. 
D) ignore the whine and try to engage her in helping you shop.

Question 17

A driver consistently drives well beyond the interstate speed limit until a highway patrolman stops her and gives her a speeding ticket. From that time on, this driver never exceeds the speed limit on the interstate. In this example, the highway patrolman has successfully stopped this driver from speeding by using

Accepted Answer

A) punishment. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) threats. 
D) feedback. 
A) punishment. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) threats. 
D) feedback.

Question 18

Mitzi is extremely afraid of cats because she was badly scratched by one when she was younger. Abby is also afraid of cats, although she has never been scratched by one. However, Abby's mother is also afraid of cats. 
(a)Explain the way that Mitzi developed her phobia, using the US, UR, CS, and CR. 
(b)Explain the way Abby developed her phobia. 
(c)Describe how both of these women could overcome their phobias.

Accepted Answer

Answer will include the following: 
(a)M

Question 19

When a rat is on an FI-20-second schedule for bar pressing, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The rat will be reinforced continuously for 20 seconds and then receive no more reinforcement. 
B) The rat will have to wait 20 seconds after the last reinforced response before a bar press will pay off again. 
C) The rat can press the bar as often as it wants within the interval, but it will not be rewarded until after 20 seconds has passed. 
D) The rat is on a partial reinforcement schedule. 
A) The rat will be reinforced continuously for 20 seconds and then receive no more reinforcement. 
B) The rat will have to wait 20 seconds after the last reinforced response before a bar press will pay off again. 
C) The rat can press the bar as often as it wants within the interval, but it will not be rewarded until after 20 seconds has passed. 
D) The rat is on a partial reinforcement schedule.

Question 20

Intracranial self-stimulation is a very powerful reinforcer because it activates the same pleasure pathways in the brain that are activated by natural primary reinforcers. These pleasure pathways are located in which part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) pineal gland 
B) frontal lobes 
C) reticular formation 
D) limbic system 
A) pineal gland 
B) frontal lobes 
C) reticular formation 
D) limbic system

Internal images or other mental representations of an area (maze, city, campus, etc.)that underlie an ability to choose alternative paths to the same goal is a(n)

Regarding research on whether animals are sensitive to a passage of time, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A key element underlying cognitive learning is

Regarding superstitious behavior, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Your friend tells you that "negative reinforcement is a type of punishment." Explain why your friend is wrong about these concepts by giving the definition and an example of each concept.

If you wear a particular tie and get teased and laughed at, you are less likely to wear this tie again. This illustrates

Research has shown that watching a lot of violence on television may cause us to become

Rajesh tells his new joke to three different people, and each one of them laughs. Because telling the joke led to laughter, which Rajesh enjoys, he will be more likely to tell this joke to other people. This situation illustrates

Which of the following involves using a well-learned conditioned stimulus (CS)as an unconditioned stimulus (US)?

Learning the latest dance step by watching others on television is an example of which kind of learning?

The fact that rats running a maze will go directly to a food goal box instead of a previously learned longer route indicates that rats

Yasmin has always gotten people's attention by acting "silly," but she wants to get out of this habit. So, she practices intelligent but interesting "starter" conversations to keep people's attention. Yasmin is using which strategy for breaking a bad habit?

A team coach who scolds and benches a player for poor performance is using

s or principles gained by insight that often lead to a better understanding of new or unusual problems describes __________ learning.

"After visiting Chattanooga, Tennessee last summer, I can imagine the layout of the city in my mind." This is an example of

As you enter the grocery store, your little daughter Marta spots a toy at the front of the store and begins to beg for it. According to the textbook, your best course of action would be to

When a rat is on an FI-20-second schedule for bar pressing, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Intracranial self-stimulation is a very powerful reinforcer because it activates the same pleasure pathways in the brain that are activated by natural primary reinforcers. These pleasure pathways are located in which part of the brain?

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Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

Internal images or other mental representations of an area (maze, city, campus, etc.)that underlie an ability to choose alternative paths to the same goal is a(n)

Regarding research on whether animals are sensitive to a passage of time, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A key element underlying cognitive learning is

Regarding superstitious behavior, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Your friend tells you that "negative reinforcement is a type of punishment." Explain why your friend is wrong about these concepts by giving the definition and an example of each concept.

If you wear a particular tie and get teased and laughed at, you are less likely to wear this tie again. This illustrates

Research has shown that watching a lot of violence on television may cause us to become

Rajesh tells his new joke to three different people, and each one of them laughs. Because telling the joke led to laughter, which Rajesh enjoys, he will be more likely to tell this joke to other people. This situation illustrates

Which of the following involves using a well-learned conditioned stimulus (CS)as an unconditioned stimulus (US)?

Learning the latest dance step by watching others on television is an example of which kind of learning?

The fact that rats running a maze will go directly to a food goal box instead of a previously learned longer route indicates that rats

Yasmin has always gotten people's attention by acting "silly," but she wants to get out of this habit. So, she practices intelligent but interesting "starter" conversations to keep people's attention. Yasmin is using which strategy for breaking a bad habit?

A team coach who scolds and benches a player for poor performance is using

s or principles gained by insight that often lead to a better understanding of new or unusual problems describes __________ learning.

"After visiting Chattanooga, Tennessee last summer, I can imagine the layout of the city in my mind." This is an example of

As you enter the grocery store, your little daughter Marta spots a toy at the front of the store and begins to beg for it. According to the textbook, your best course of action would be to

When a rat is on an FI-20-second schedule for bar pressing, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Intracranial self-stimulation is a very powerful reinforcer because it activates the same pleasure pathways in the brain that are activated by natural primary reinforcers. These pleasure pathways are located in which part of the brain?

Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Brain and Behavior

Human Development

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Creativity

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Personality

Health, Stress, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Thinking and Social Influence

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Maximizing Learning through Reflective Processing and Active Thinking

Applied Psychology

Filters