Question 1

Which of the following determines whether a new response learned through modeling will be repeated?

Accepted Answer

A) whether the learner saw the behavior performed more than once 
B) whether the learner receives normal reinforcement or feedback for the modeled behavior 
C) whether the model praised the learner for observing the behavior and whether the learner reciprocated the reinforcement 
D) whether the learner observed the model in a real-life or filmed setting 
A) whether the learner saw the behavior performed more than once 
B) whether the learner receives normal reinforcement or feedback for the modeled behavior 
C) whether the model praised the learner for observing the behavior and whether the learner reciprocated the reinforcement 
D) whether the learner observed the model in a real-life or filmed setting

Question 2

Regarding one's behavior, discriminative stimuli would be considered

Accepted Answer

A) antecedents. 
B) cognitive maps. 
C) negative reinforcers. 
D) punishers. 
A) antecedents. 
B) cognitive maps. 
C) negative reinforcers. 
D) punishers.

Question 3

You live in an apartment and your neighbor's stereo is blasting so loudly that your ears hurt. If you pound on the wall and the volume suddenly drops, you are more likely to pound on the wall again if the stereo is loud because

Accepted Answer

A) you have undergone extinction. 
B) you have been negatively reinforced. 
C) you have been positively reinforced. 
D) of the consequence of response cost. 
A) you have undergone extinction. 
B) you have been negatively reinforced. 
C) you have been positively reinforced. 
D) of the consequence of response cost.

Question 4

Michael is 12 years old and is undergoing chemotherapy treatment. After his first chemotherapy treatment, Michael experienced nausea and vomiting. After several treatments, Michael now experiences anticipatory nausea as soon as he enters the treatment room and before he receives the chemotherapy. In this classical conditioning example, Michael's initial chemotherapy treatment would be considered the

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned response. 
B) unconditioned response. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) unconditioned stimulus. 
A) conditioned response. 
B) unconditioned response. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) unconditioned stimulus.

Question 5

Preschoolers Jordan and Darius were throwing sticks at other students on the playground, so their teacher made them sit on the sidewalk for five minutes, taking them away from the fun activities on the playground. Their teacher was using

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) aversive conditioning. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) negative punishment. 
A) negative reinforcement. 
B) aversive conditioning. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) negative punishment.

Question 6

In which type of learning is an antecedent stimulus that does not produce a response linked with a stimulus that does produce the response?

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) cognitive learning 
D) instrumental learning 
A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) cognitive learning 
D) instrumental learning

Question 7

After playing several hours of violent video games, some children show disinhibition, which means that they

Accepted Answer

A) act out behavior that would normally be restrained. 
B) are calmer due to the cathartic release of aggressive feelings. 
C) become more sensitized to violence. 
D) are less prone to acting aggressively. 
A) act out behavior that would normally be restrained. 
B) are calmer due to the cathartic release of aggressive feelings. 
C) become more sensitized to violence. 
D) are less prone to acting aggressively.

Question 8

Reinforcement is most effective when

Accepted Answer

A) it is delayed. 
B) it is immediate. 
C) it is delivered randomly. 
D) it follows a long chain of responses. 
A) it is delayed. 
B) it is immediate. 
C) it is delivered randomly. 
D) it follows a long chain of responses.

Question 9

Mac is five years old, and his parents were using spanking as their only means of discipline. After each spanking, Mac grew increasingly angry and usually took it out on the dog or his two-year-old brother. A counselor suggested other punishment alternatives, such as time-out, as well as encouraging the parents to use praise and rewards more often when Mac was behaving appropriately. According to research, since Mac's parents have changed to less punitive parenting, Mac's level of aggression will most likely

Accepted Answer

A) decline. 
B) remain at the current level since aggressiveness is a part of Mac's innate temperament. 
C) remain at the current level because Mac is too old to benefit from a change in parenting styles. 
D) increase because Mac's parents will not be able to suppress his misbehavior and aggression using time-out. 
A) decline. 
B) remain at the current level since aggressiveness is a part of Mac's innate temperament. 
C) remain at the current level because Mac is too old to benefit from a change in parenting styles. 
D) increase because Mac's parents will not be able to suppress his misbehavior and aggression using time-out.

Question 10

We pick up phones that are ringing, but rarely answer phones that are silent, which illustrates the concept of stimulus control.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Events that occur just after a response are called

Accepted Answer

A) antecedents. 
B) precursors. 
C) stimuli. 
D) consequences. 
A) antecedents. 
B) precursors. 
C) stimuli. 
D) consequences.

Question 12

Of the schedules listed, which of the following would generate the highest rate of responding as well as be resistant to extinction?

Accepted Answer

A) variable interval 
B) fixed interval 
C) continuous 
D) fixed ratio 
A) variable interval 
B) fixed interval 
C) continuous 
D) fixed ratio

Question 13

Your dog has learned to run to his food dish whenever he sees you go to the closet in the laundry room where you keep his dry food. Your dog learned this association through

Accepted Answer

A) instrumental learning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) observational learning. 
D) operant conditioning. 
A) instrumental learning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) observational learning. 
D) operant conditioning.

Question 14

A type of reinforcer in which the reward is attention or approval from others is called a __________ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) social 
C) token 
D) cognitive 
A) primary 
B) social 
C) token 
D) cognitive

Question 15

In terms of the informational view, operant conditioning occurs when we

Accepted Answer

A) expect that a certain response will have a certain effect at certain times. 
B) detect associations among events. 
C) develop a strong CS that can be used like an US. 
D) experience spontaneous recovery. 
A) expect that a certain response will have a certain effect at certain times. 
B) detect associations among events. 
C) develop a strong CS that can be used like an US. 
D) experience spontaneous recovery.

Question 16

Regarding punishment, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Punishment tells a person or animal that a response was "wrong." 
B) Punishment does not teach new behaviors. 
C) Punishment tells a person or animal what the "right" response is. 
D) Punishment becomes less effective when reinforcement is missing. 
A) Punishment tells a person or animal that a response was "wrong." 
B) Punishment does not teach new behaviors. 
C) Punishment tells a person or animal what the "right" response is. 
D) Punishment becomes less effective when reinforcement is missing.

Question 17

Regarding the effects of severe, intense punishment, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Severe punishment slows the rate of responding, but does not eliminate it. 
B) Severe punishment can permanently suppress responding, even for actions as basic as eating. 
C) Severe punishment will dramatically increase the rate of responding. 
D) Severe punishment will not change the rate of responding even temporarily. 
A) Severe punishment slows the rate of responding, but does not eliminate it. 
B) Severe punishment can permanently suppress responding, even for actions as basic as eating. 
C) Severe punishment will dramatically increase the rate of responding. 
D) Severe punishment will not change the rate of responding even temporarily.

Question 18

Which of the following lets students work at their own pace and provides frequent feedback to keep learners from practicing errors?

Accepted Answer

A) programmed instruction 
B) latent learning 
C) variable interval scheduling 
D) vicarious learning 
A) programmed instruction 
B) latent learning 
C) variable interval scheduling 
D) vicarious learning

Question 19

Schedules of reinforcement are defined as the

Accepted Answer

A) types of reinforcers used, whether primary or secondary. 
B) effects of reinforcers used, whether positive or negative. 
C) plans for determining which responses will be reinforced. 
D) informational feedback provided by the reinforcers used. 
A) types of reinforcers used, whether primary or secondary. 
B) effects of reinforcers used, whether positive or negative. 
C) plans for determining which responses will be reinforced. 
D) informational feedback provided by the reinforcers used.

Question 20

Wearing a tie less or not at all because you were teased and laughed at when you wore it illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) the effect of reinforcement. 
B) the effect of punishment. 
C) a conditioned response. 
D) an unconditioned response. 
A) the effect of reinforcement. 
B) the effect of punishment. 
C) a conditioned response. 
D) an unconditioned response.

Which of the following determines whether a new response learned through modeling will be repeated?

Regarding one's behavior, discriminative stimuli would be considered

You live in an apartment and your neighbor's stereo is blasting so loudly that your ears hurt. If you pound on the wall and the volume suddenly drops, you are more likely to pound on the wall again if the stereo is loud because

Preschoolers Jordan and Darius were throwing sticks at other students on the playground, so their teacher made them sit on the sidewalk for five minutes, taking them away from the fun activities on the playground. Their teacher was using

In which type of learning is an antecedent stimulus that does not produce a response linked with a stimulus that does produce the response?

After playing several hours of violent video games, some children show disinhibition, which means that they

Reinforcement is most effective when

We pick up phones that are ringing, but rarely answer phones that are silent, which illustrates the concept of stimulus control.

Events that occur just after a response are called

Of the schedules listed, which of the following would generate the highest rate of responding as well as be resistant to extinction?

Your dog has learned to run to his food dish whenever he sees you go to the closet in the laundry room where you keep his dry food. Your dog learned this association through

A type of reinforcer in which the reward is attention or approval from others is called a __________ reinforcer.

In terms of the informational view, operant conditioning occurs when we

Regarding punishment, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Regarding the effects of severe, intense punishment, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following lets students work at their own pace and provides frequent feedback to keep learners from practicing errors?

Schedules of reinforcement are defined as the

Wearing a tie less or not at all because you were teased and laughed at when you wore it illustrates

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Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

Which of the following determines whether a new response learned through modeling will be repeated?

Regarding one's behavior, discriminative stimuli would be considered

You live in an apartment and your neighbor's stereo is blasting so loudly that your ears hurt. If you pound on the wall and the volume suddenly drops, you are more likely to pound on the wall again if the stereo is loud because

Preschoolers Jordan and Darius were throwing sticks at other students on the playground, so their teacher made them sit on the sidewalk for five minutes, taking them away from the fun activities on the playground. Their teacher was using

In which type of learning is an antecedent stimulus that does not produce a response linked with a stimulus that does produce the response?

After playing several hours of violent video games, some children show disinhibition, which means that they

Reinforcement is most effective when

We pick up phones that are ringing, but rarely answer phones that are silent, which illustrates the concept of stimulus control.

Events that occur just after a response are called

Of the schedules listed, which of the following would generate the highest rate of responding as well as be resistant to extinction?

Your dog has learned to run to his food dish whenever he sees you go to the closet in the laundry room where you keep his dry food. Your dog learned this association through

A type of reinforcer in which the reward is attention or approval from others is called a __________ reinforcer.

In terms of the informational view, operant conditioning occurs when we

Regarding punishment, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Regarding the effects of severe, intense punishment, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following lets students work at their own pace and provides frequent feedback to keep learners from practicing errors?

Schedules of reinforcement are defined as the

Wearing a tie less or not at all because you were teased and laughed at when you wore it illustrates

Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Brain and Behavior

Human Development

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Creativity

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Personality

Health, Stress, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Thinking and Social Influence

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Maximizing Learning through Reflective Processing and Active Thinking

Applied Psychology

Filters