Question 1

The poly(A) tail of an mRNA ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is where the start codon is located 
B)  covers the stop codon until it is needed 
C)  protects the 3' end of the mRNA from attack by RNA-digesting enzymes 
D)  is where ribosomes attach at the start of translation 
E)  is where translation terminates 
A)  is where the start codon is located 
B)  covers the stop codon until it is needed 
C)  protects the 3' end of the mRNA from attack by RNA-digesting enzymes 
D)  is where ribosomes attach at the start of translation 
E)  is where translation terminates

Question 2

Using the genetic code shown here, predict the amino acid sequence that would be produced from the following partial DNA sequence if the top strand is the template strand: 
3'-...TAC ACG TGG ACG TGA TTC TTA...-5' 
5'-...ATG TGC ACC TGC ACT AAG AAT...-3'

Accepted Answer

If the top strand is the template strand

Question 3

Match between columns
                        Premises: rRNA
snRNA
pre-mRNA
tRNA
mRNA

Accepted Answer

The Answer of RNA in eukaryotes that must be processed is...

Question 4

If a codon in the mRNA is 5'-ACG-3', then the anticodon of the proper tRNA will be ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  5'-UGC-3' 
B)  3'-CGU-5' 
C)  5'-CGT-3' 
D)  3'-CGT-5' 
E)  5'-GCA-3' 
A)  5'-UGC-3' 
B)  3'-CGU-5' 
C)  5'-CGT-3' 
D)  3'-CGT-5' 
E)  5'-GCA-3'

Question 5

Compare and contrast the cellular locations, templates, and products of transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

In prokaryotes, both transcription and t

Question 6

During the elongation stage of transcription ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA nucleotides are added to the transcript 
B)  the transcript grows in the 5'->3' direction 
C)  transcription factors recruit RNA polymerase to the template strand 
D)  the double helix remains single-stranded after being used as a template 
E)  RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region 
A)  DNA nucleotides are added to the transcript 
B)  the transcript grows in the 5'->3' direction 
C)  transcription factors recruit RNA polymerase to the template strand 
D)  the double helix remains single-stranded after being used as a template 
E)  RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: RNA transcript
RNA polymerase
Nontemplate strand
Hybrid RNA-DNA double helix
Template strand

Accepted Answer

The Answer of c and a and d and e is...

Question 8

Which proteins below are made only on free ribosomes in the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolytic enzymes 
B)  digestive enzymes 
C)  microtubule proteins 
D)  cell surface receptors 
E)  both microtubules and glycolytic enzymes 
A)  glycolytic enzymes 
B)  digestive enzymes 
C)  microtubule proteins 
D)  cell surface receptors 
E)  both microtubules and glycolytic enzymes

Question 9

The antibiotics streptomycin and erythromycin work by inhibiting the function of ____ in bacteria, but not eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerases 
B)  aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases 
C)  spliceosomes 
D)  DNA polymerases 
E)  ribosomes 
A)  RNA polymerases 
B)  aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases 
C)  spliceosomes 
D)  DNA polymerases 
E)  ribosomes

Question 10

Describe the process of transcription in prokaryotes.

Accepted Answer

First, RNA polymerase binds directly to

Question 11

The complete set of 61 sense codons can be read by fewer than 61 distinct tRNA molecules according to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  alternative splicing 
B)  degeneracy 
C)  exon shuffling 
D)  the wobble hypothesis 
E)  aminoacylation 
A)  alternative splicing 
B)  degeneracy 
C)  exon shuffling 
D)  the wobble hypothesis 
E)  aminoacylation

Question 12

The number of proteins humans can produce vastly exceeds the number of genes in the human genome. This is best explained by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  aminoacylation 
B)  exon shuffling 
C)  the wobble hypothesis 
D)  degeneracy 
E)  alternative splicing 
A)  aminoacylation 
B)  exon shuffling 
C)  the wobble hypothesis 
D)  degeneracy 
E)  alternative splicing

Question 13

Proteins that function in the cytosol are synthesized ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  on free ribosomes in the cytosol 
B)  on the rough ER before being transported to the cytosol 
C)  in the Golgi apparatus 
D)  on the rough ER before being transported to the Golgi apparatus 
E)  in the nucleus before being transported to the cytosol 
A)  on free ribosomes in the cytosol 
B)  on the rough ER before being transported to the cytosol 
C)  in the Golgi apparatus 
D)  on the rough ER before being transported to the Golgi apparatus 
E)  in the nucleus before being transported to the cytosol

Question 14

In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the start codon (or initiator codon) is ____, which codes for the amino acid ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  UGA; proline 
B)  UUU; phenylalanine 
C)  AAA; lysine 
D)  ACG; threonine 
E)  AUG; methionine 
A)  UGA; proline 
B)  UUU; phenylalanine 
C)  AAA; lysine 
D)  ACG; threonine 
E)  AUG; methionine

Question 15

For most eukaryotic genes, translation begins in the____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasm 
B)  nucleolus 
C)  nucleus 
D)  mitochondria 
E)  Golgi apparatus 
A)  cytoplasm 
B)  nucleolus 
C)  nucleus 
D)  mitochondria 
E)  Golgi apparatus

Question 16

During transcription, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  double-stranded RNA chains are produced 
B)  the entire DNA molecule is copied to RNA 
C)  primase creates an RNA primer to start the RNA strand 
D)  only one of the two DNA strands acts as a template 
E)  protein is made from RNA 
A)  double-stranded RNA chains are produced 
B)  the entire DNA molecule is copied to RNA 
C)  primase creates an RNA primer to start the RNA strand 
D)  only one of the two DNA strands acts as a template 
E)  protein is made from RNA

Question 17

In which process are existing protein regions or domains mixed in novel combinations to produce new proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  alternative splicing 
B)  degeneracy 
C)  exon shuffling 
D)  the wobble hypothesis 
E)  aminoacylation 
A)  alternative splicing 
B)  degeneracy 
C)  exon shuffling 
D)  the wobble hypothesis 
E)  aminoacylation

Question 18

Use the table above for questions 
-
See the provided genetic code table. The start codon for translation directs incorporation of which amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysine 
B)  phenylalanine 
C)  methionine 
D)  glycine 
E)  no amino acid is encoded; the start codon simply begins the process 
A)  lysine 
B)  phenylalanine 
C)  methionine 
D)  glycine 
E)  no amino acid is encoded; the start codon simply begins the process

Question 19

Which region(s) of the ribosome accept(s) charged tRNA molecules during the elongation phase of translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the A site 
B)  the A site or the E site 
C)  the P site 
D)  the P site or the E site 
E)  the E site 
A)  the A site 
B)  the A site or the E site 
C)  the P site 
D)  the P site or the E site 
E)  the E site

Question 20

The formation of peptide bonds during translation is catalyzed by ____ found in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase; large ribosomal subunit 
B)  peptidyl transferase; small ribosomal subunit 
C)  peptidyl transferase; large ribosomal subunit 
D)  aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase; small ribosomal subunit 
E)  aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase; tRNA 
A)  RNA polymerase; large ribosomal subunit 
B)  peptidyl transferase; small ribosomal subunit 
C)  peptidyl transferase; large ribosomal subunit 
D)  aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase; small ribosomal subunit 
E)  aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase; tRNA

Exam 15: Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

The poly(A) tail of an mRNA ____.

Using the genetic code shown here, predict the amino acid sequence that would be produced from the following partial DNA sequence if the top strand is the template strand: 3'-...TAC ACG TGG ACG TGA TTC TTA...-5' 5'-...ATG TGC ACC TGC ACT AAG AAT...-3'

If a codon in the mRNA is 5'-ACG-3', then the anticodon of the proper tRNA will be ____.

Compare and contrast the cellular locations, templates, and products of transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

During the elongation stage of transcription ____.

Which proteins below are made only on free ribosomes in the cytosol?

The antibiotics streptomycin and erythromycin work by inhibiting the function of ____ in bacteria, but not eukaryotes.

Describe the process of transcription in prokaryotes.

The complete set of 61 sense codons can be read by fewer than 61 distinct tRNA molecules according to ____.

The number of proteins humans can produce vastly exceeds the number of genes in the human genome. This is best explained by ____.

Proteins that function in the cytosol are synthesized ____.

In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the start codon (or initiator codon) is ____, which codes for the amino acid ____.

For most eukaryotic genes, translation begins in the____.

During transcription, ____.

In which process are existing protein regions or domains mixed in novel combinations to produce new proteins?

Use the table above for questions - See the provided genetic code table. The start codon for translation directs incorporation of which amino acid?

Which region(s) of the ribosome accept(s) charged tRNA molecules during the elongation phase of translation?

The formation of peptide bonds during translation is catalyzed by ____ found in the ____.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the start codon (or initiator codon) is , which codes for the amino acid .

The formation of peptide bonds during translation is catalyzed by found in the .