Question 1

Noller's research with ribosomes showed that the site of peptide bond formation is located on ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the tRNA molecules 
B)  ribosomal DNA 
C)  proteins of the small ribosomal subunit 
D)  ribosomal RNA 
E)  proteins of the large ribosomal subunit 
A)  the tRNA molecules 
B)  ribosomal DNA 
C)  proteins of the small ribosomal subunit 
D)  ribosomal RNA 
E)  proteins of the large ribosomal subunit

Question 2

A gene being transcribed uses transcription factors to recruit RNA polymerase II to the DNA at the promoter region. After the polymerase is recruited, transcription elongation occurs, and nucleotides are added to the transcript in the      5'->3' direction. How do you know that the gene being transcribed is not a prokaryotic gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  In prokaryotes, the promoter comes after the transcription unit. 
B)  Prokaryotes do not have promoters. 
C)  In prokaryotes, nucleotides are added to the transcript in the 3'->5' direction. 
D)  Prokaryotes use ribosomes rather than RNA polymerase to transcribe genes. 
E)  In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase binds directly to DNA at the promoter without transcription factors. 
A)  In prokaryotes, the promoter comes after the transcription unit. 
B)  Prokaryotes do not have promoters. 
C)  In prokaryotes, nucleotides are added to the transcript in the 3'->5' direction. 
D)  Prokaryotes use ribosomes rather than RNA polymerase to transcribe genes. 
E)  In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase binds directly to DNA at the promoter without transcription factors.

Question 3

Explain how proteins that are produced in a cell are correctly directed to the cytosol, the endomembrane system, and the mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

Proteins destined for the cytosol are sy

Question 4

Use the table above for questions 
-
See the provided genetic code table. A change in a single base pair could cause which missense mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamic acid to threonine 
B)  glycine to proline 
C)  threonine to glutamine 
D)  glutamic acid to methionine 
E)  valine to methionine 
A)  glutamic acid to threonine 
B)  glycine to proline 
C)  threonine to glutamine 
D)  glutamic acid to methionine 
E)  valine to methionine

Question 5

Enzymes are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  lipid molecules 
B)  proteins 
C)  DNA molecules 
D)  transposable elements 
E)  codons 
A)  lipid molecules 
B)  proteins 
C)  DNA molecules 
D)  transposable elements 
E)  codons

Question 6

Every protein is assembled on a(n) ____ according to instructions copied from ____, using ____ as an intermediate.

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA; tRNA; DNA 
B)  tRNA; mRNA; DNA 
C)  ribosome; mRNA; tRNA 
D)  tRNA; DNA; mRNA 
E)  ribosome; DNA; mRNA 
A)  mRNA; tRNA; DNA 
B)  tRNA; mRNA; DNA 
C)  ribosome; mRNA; tRNA 
D)  tRNA; DNA; mRNA 
E)  ribosome; DNA; mRNA

Question 7

During translation, mRNA is read in the ____ direction and the polypeptide is assembled from the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  5'->3'; N-terminal end to the C-terminal end 
B)  5'->3'; C-terminal end to the N-terminal end 
C)  3'->5'; N-terminal end to the C-terminal end 
D)  3'->5'; C-terminal end to the N-terminal end 
E)  5'->5'; N-terminal end to the C-terminal end 
A)  5'->3'; N-terminal end to the C-terminal end 
B)  5'->3'; C-terminal end to the N-terminal end 
C)  3'->5'; N-terminal end to the C-terminal end 
D)  3'->5'; C-terminal end to the N-terminal end 
E)  5'->5'; N-terminal end to the C-terminal end

Question 8

Match between columns
                        Premises: RNA polymerase
TATA box
Capping enzyme
Ribosome
Spliceosome
Signal peptidase

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Transcription and Sorting proteins in cells and is...

Question 9

Missense, nonsense, and silent mutations are all caused by single base changes in the coding region of a gene. How are these three types of mutations different?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutations do not lead to an amino

Question 10

Segments of DNA that can move from one place to another within a cell's genome are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  target sites 
B)  transposases 
C)  transposable elements 
D)  replicative factors 
E)  release factors 
A)  target sites 
B)  transposases 
C)  transposable elements 
D)  replicative factors 
E)  release factors

Question 11

Mutagenesis ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is an example of spontaneous mutation 
B)  acts directly on proteins by causing them to unfold 
C)  occurs due to a single mRNA being translated by too many ribosomes simultaneously 
D)  is the production of mutations in a laboratory by exposure of a living organism to a mutagen 
E)  occurs when errors made by DNA polymerase are not repaired 
A)  is an example of spontaneous mutation 
B)  acts directly on proteins by causing them to unfold 
C)  occurs due to a single mRNA being translated by too many ribosomes simultaneously 
D)  is the production of mutations in a laboratory by exposure of a living organism to a mutagen 
E)  occurs when errors made by DNA polymerase are not repaired

Question 12

Insertion of two bases into the coding region of a gene just after the start codon of a gene will result in a ____ mutation.

Accepted Answer

A)  missense 
B)  chromosomal 
C)  frameshift 
D)  silent 
E)  nonsense 
A)  missense 
B)  chromosomal 
C)  frameshift 
D)  silent 
E)  nonsense

Question 13

In the process of mRNA splicing, the lariat structure is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  splicing complex 
B)  region where two exons are pasted together 
C)  enzyme that cuts the pre-mRNA 
D)  released intron 
E)  region where two introns are pasted together 
A)  splicing complex 
B)  region where two exons are pasted together 
C)  enzyme that cuts the pre-mRNA 
D)  released intron 
E)  region where two introns are pasted together

Question 14

The pre-mRNA transcript of mammalian α-tropomyosin undergoes ____ to produce different mRNAs in smooth and striated muscles.

Accepted Answer

A)  aminoacylation 
B)  alternative splicing 
C)  polyadenylation 
D)  degeneracy 
E)  exon shuffling 
A)  aminoacylation 
B)  alternative splicing 
C)  polyadenylation 
D)  degeneracy 
E)  exon shuffling

Question 15

Beadle and Tatum used nutritional mutants called ____ to study the relationship between genes and proteins in Neurospora .

Accepted Answer

A)  transposons 
B)  chaperones 
C)  polysomes 
D)  auxotrophs 
E)  wild types 
A)  transposons 
B)  chaperones 
C)  polysomes 
D)  auxotrophs 
E)  wild types

Question 16

The ____ , located ____ of the transcription start point, is the site at which RNA polymerase associates with DNA to begin transcription.

Accepted Answer

A)  promoter; upstream 
B)  initiator; downstream 
C)  initiator; upstream 
D)  promoter; downstream 
E)  intron; downstream 
A)  promoter; upstream 
B)  initiator; downstream 
C)  initiator; upstream 
D)  promoter; downstream 
E)  intron; downstream

Question 17

Substitution of one base pair for another in the coding region of a gene can result in a ____ mutation where the changed codon still specifies the same amino acid.

Accepted Answer

A)  missense 
B)  chromosomal 
C)  frameshift 
D)  silent 
E)  nonsense 
A)  missense 
B)  chromosomal 
C)  frameshift 
D)  silent 
E)  nonsense

Question 18

Which bases are found in RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine and uracil only 
B)  adenine, thymine, and cytosine only 
C)  adenine, uracil, and cytosine only 
D)  adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine 
E)  adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine 
A)  adenine and uracil only 
B)  adenine, thymine, and cytosine only 
C)  adenine, uracil, and cytosine only 
D)  adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine 
E)  adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

Question 19

During translation, tRNAs bind to mRNA through ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic bonds 
B)  van der Waals forces 
C)  nonpolar covalent bonds 
D)  hydrogen bonds 
E)  polar covalent bonds 
A)  ionic bonds 
B)  van der Waals forces 
C)  nonpolar covalent bonds 
D)  hydrogen bonds 
E)  polar covalent bonds

Question 20

A ribosome consists of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  two small subunits 
B)  two large subunits 
C)  three subunits of different size 
D)  rRNA and ribosomal proteins 
E)  tRNA and ribosomal proteins 
A)  two small subunits 
B)  two large subunits 
C)  three subunits of different size 
D)  rRNA and ribosomal proteins 
E)  tRNA and ribosomal proteins

Exam 15: Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Noller's research with ribosomes showed that the site of peptide bond formation is located on ____.

Explain how proteins that are produced in a cell are correctly directed to the cytosol, the endomembrane system, and the mitochondria.

Use the table above for questions - See the provided genetic code table. A change in a single base pair could cause which missense mutation?

Enzymes are ____.

Every protein is assembled on a(n) ____ according to instructions copied from ____, using ____ as an intermediate.

During translation, mRNA is read in the ____ direction and the polypeptide is assembled from the ____.

Missense, nonsense, and silent mutations are all caused by single base changes in the coding region of a gene. How are these three types of mutations different?

Segments of DNA that can move from one place to another within a cell's genome are called ____.

Mutagenesis ____.

Insertion of two bases into the coding region of a gene just after the start codon of a gene will result in a ____ mutation.

In the process of mRNA splicing, the lariat structure is the ____.

The pre-mRNA transcript of mammalian α-tropomyosin undergoes ____ to produce different mRNAs in smooth and striated muscles.

Beadle and Tatum used nutritional mutants called ____ to study the relationship between genes and proteins in Neurospora .

The ____ , located ____ of the transcription start point, is the site at which RNA polymerase associates with DNA to begin transcription.

Substitution of one base pair for another in the coding region of a gene can result in a ____ mutation where the changed codon still specifies the same amino acid.

Which bases are found in RNA?

During translation, tRNAs bind to mRNA through ____.

A ribosome consists of ____.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

Every protein is assembled on a(n) according to instructions copied from , using as an intermediate.

During translation, mRNA is read in the direction and the polypeptide is assembled from the .

The , located of the transcription start point, is the site at which RNA polymerase associates with DNA to begin transcription.