Question 1

What are the three sequential mechanisms involved with learning? Explain how a mouse would learn to locate cheese in a maze as indicated by these steps.

Accepted Answer

1) storing memories 2) scanning memories

Question 2

Patients with Parkinson's disease are treated with L-DOPA, a hydrophobic precursor to dopamine, a hydrophilic neurotransmitter that is depleted in these patients. What is the most probable reason why these patients are given the precursor L-DOPA instead of dopamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  L-DOPA is better at activating dopamine receptors than dopamine. 
B)  L-DOPA is more toxic than dopamine. 
C)  L-DOPA cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. 
D)  Dopamine cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. 
E)  Dopamine given orally could activate acetylcholine receptors. 
A)  L-DOPA is better at activating dopamine receptors than dopamine. 
B)  L-DOPA is more toxic than dopamine. 
C)  L-DOPA cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. 
D)  Dopamine cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. 
E)  Dopamine given orally could activate acetylcholine receptors.

Question 3

Compare the invertebrate nervous system to that of vertebrates.

Accepted Answer

Invertebrate nervous systems are relativ

Question 4

Smell is an important stimulus in the activation of the limbic system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

If light were prevented from reaching the right side of both retinas, what would occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The right half of the visual field would be lost. 
B)  Only the right cerebral hemisphere would be stimulated by the light. 
C)  No information about the light would be carried in the left optic nerve. 
D)  The left half of the visual field would be lost. 
E)  Sight would be lost. 
A)  The right half of the visual field would be lost. 
B)  Only the right cerebral hemisphere would be stimulated by the light. 
C)  No information about the light would be carried in the left optic nerve. 
D)  The left half of the visual field would be lost. 
E)  Sight would be lost.

Question 6

Which region(s) of the adult brain is/are derived from the metencephalon?

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum only 
B)  pons only 
C)  medulla oblongata only 
D)  cerebellum and pons 
E)  medulla oblongata and pons 
A)  cerebellum only 
B)  pons only 
C)  medulla oblongata only 
D)  cerebellum and pons 
E)  medulla oblongata and pons

Question 7

In an experiment, the development of the occipital lobe of a rat was inhibited. Predict the most likely consequence of this procedure.

Accepted Answer

A)  The rat was not able to make noises. 
B)  The rat was unable to move. 
C)  The rat was unable to detect touch. 
D)  The rat was not able to process visual input. 
E)  The rat could not right itself. 
A)  The rat was not able to make noises. 
B)  The rat was unable to move. 
C)  The rat was unable to detect touch. 
D)  The rat was not able to process visual input. 
E)  The rat could not right itself.

Question 8

In experiments to determine the function of the cerebral hemispheres, all the patients in the study had ____, which was necessary to be able to parse out the lateralization of the cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)  injury of the optic nerve 
B)  severed corpus callosum 
C)  damaged occipital cortex 
D)  impaired judgment 
E)  auditory impairment 
A)  injury of the optic nerve 
B)  severed corpus callosum 
C)  damaged occipital cortex 
D)  impaired judgment 
E)  auditory impairment

Question 9

Which brain region is most likely to contribute to the establishment of motor memory, the ability to perform complex motor skills?

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal cortex 
B)  cerebellum 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  amygdala 
E)  brain stem 
A)  frontal cortex 
B)  cerebellum 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  amygdala 
E)  brain stem

Question 10

Which structure of the brain contains the cerebral spinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  ventricles 
B)  thalamus 
C)  medulla 
D)  meninges 
E)  reflexes 
A)  ventricles 
B)  thalamus 
C)  medulla 
D)  meninges 
E)  reflexes

Question 11

Destruction of the motor areas in the right cerebral cortex results in the loss of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensation on the right side of the body 
B)  sensation on the left side of the body 
C)  voluntary movement on the left side of the body 
D)  voluntary movement on the right side of the body 
E)  involuntary control of the right side of the body 
A)  sensation on the right side of the body 
B)  sensation on the left side of the body 
C)  voluntary movement on the left side of the body 
D)  voluntary movement on the right side of the body 
E)  involuntary control of the right side of the body

Question 12

Which molecule represents one of the best examples of a commonly shared signaling pathway connected to memory in invertebrates and vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  cyclic AMP 
B)  cyclic GMP 
C)  RNA cyclase 
D)  RNA binding protein 
E)  non-responsive binding protein 
A)  cyclic AMP 
B)  cyclic GMP 
C)  RNA cyclase 
D)  RNA binding protein 
E)  non-responsive binding protein

Question 13

The cell body of the second neuron of the parasympathetic division is located outside of the CNS.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which statement concerning the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the nervous system is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sympathetic system controls external stimuli, while the parasympathetic system controls internal stimuli. 
B)  The sympathetic system generally produces increased physical activity, while the parasympathetic system produces a decrease in physical activity. 
C)  Both nervous systems stimulate the activities of many organs. 
D)  Both nervous systems release norepinephrine. 
E)  The sympathetic system is under voluntary control, and the parasympathetic system is under involuntary control. 
A)  The sympathetic system controls external stimuli, while the parasympathetic system controls internal stimuli. 
B)  The sympathetic system generally produces increased physical activity, while the parasympathetic system produces a decrease in physical activity. 
C)  Both nervous systems stimulate the activities of many organs. 
D)  Both nervous systems release norepinephrine. 
E)  The sympathetic system is under voluntary control, and the parasympathetic system is under involuntary control.

Question 15

During deep sleep, the brain is emitting ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha waves 
B)  beta waves 
C)  delta waves 
D)  gamma waves 
E)  theta waves 
A)  alpha waves 
B)  beta waves 
C)  delta waves 
D)  gamma waves 
E)  theta waves

Question 16

Gay matter is located in the ____ of the cerebrum.

Accepted Answer

A)  outer region 
B)  inner region 
C)  ventricle 
D)  right, but not left, hemisphere 
E)  left, but not right, hemisphere 
A)  outer region 
B)  inner region 
C)  ventricle 
D)  right, but not left, hemisphere 
E)  left, but not right, hemisphere

Question 17

If an action potential persists for one minute or longer, an increase in the strength of synaptic connections develops. Which term describes the resulting establishment of memory between two neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  lateralization 
B)  consciousness potentiation 
C)  long-term potentiation 
D)  long-term association 
E)  ganglion association 
A)  lateralization 
B)  consciousness potentiation 
C)  long-term potentiation 
D)  long-term association 
E)  ganglion association

Question 18

The temporal lobe is associated with ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  touch and movement to that touch 
B)  vision 
C)  smell 
D)  speech 
E)  memory 
A)  touch and movement to that touch 
B)  vision 
C)  smell 
D)  speech 
E)  memory

Question 19

Which region(s) of the brain, present in a five-week-old embryo, is/are derived from the forebrain?

Accepted Answer

A)  telencephalon only 
B)  diencephalon only 
C)  mesencephalon only 
D)  telencephalon and diencephalon 
E)  telencephalon and mesencephalon 
A)  telencephalon only 
B)  diencephalon only 
C)  mesencephalon only 
D)  telencephalon and diencephalon 
E)  telencephalon and mesencephalon

Question 20

Sensory information is transmitted to the CNS by the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  efferent neurons of the autonomic nervous system 
B)  afferent neurons of the peripheral nervous system 
C)  somatic neurons of the peripheral nervous system 
D)  somatic neurons of the sympathetic division 
E)  efferent neurons of the sympathetic division 
A)  efferent neurons of the autonomic nervous system 
B)  afferent neurons of the peripheral nervous system 
C)  somatic neurons of the peripheral nervous system 
D)  somatic neurons of the sympathetic division 
E)  efferent neurons of the sympathetic division

Exam 40: Nervous Systems

What are the three sequential mechanisms involved with learning? Explain how a mouse would learn to locate cheese in a maze as indicated by these steps.

Patients with Parkinson's disease are treated with L-DOPA, a hydrophobic precursor to dopamine, a hydrophilic neurotransmitter that is depleted in these patients. What is the most probable reason why these patients are given the precursor L-DOPA instead of dopamine?

Compare the invertebrate nervous system to that of vertebrates.

Smell is an important stimulus in the activation of the limbic system.

If light were prevented from reaching the right side of both retinas, what would occur?

Which region(s) of the adult brain is/are derived from the metencephalon?

In an experiment, the development of the occipital lobe of a rat was inhibited. Predict the most likely consequence of this procedure.

In experiments to determine the function of the cerebral hemispheres, all the patients in the study had ____, which was necessary to be able to parse out the lateralization of the cortex.

Which brain region is most likely to contribute to the establishment of motor memory, the ability to perform complex motor skills?

Which structure of the brain contains the cerebral spinal fluid?

Destruction of the motor areas in the right cerebral cortex results in the loss of ____.

Which molecule represents one of the best examples of a commonly shared signaling pathway connected to memory in invertebrates and vertebrates?

The cell body of the second neuron of the parasympathetic division is located outside of the CNS.

Which statement concerning the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the nervous system is true?

During deep sleep, the brain is emitting ____.

Gay matter is located in the ____ of the cerebrum.

If an action potential persists for one minute or longer, an increase in the strength of synaptic connections develops. Which term describes the resulting establishment of memory between two neurons?

The temporal lobe is associated with ____.

Which region(s) of the brain, present in a five-week-old embryo, is/are derived from the forebrain?

Sensory information is transmitted to the CNS by the ____.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

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