Question 1

According to the MacArthur-Wilson model, the mainland harbors ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a lower species richness than islands 
B)  a species pool from which species migrate to nearby islands 
C)  none of the same species as on nearby islands 
D)  an easier community to study than nearby islands 
E)  many species that are extinct on nearby islands 
A)  a lower species richness than islands 
B)  a species pool from which species migrate to nearby islands 
C)  none of the same species as on nearby islands 
D)  an easier community to study than nearby islands 
E)  many species that are extinct on nearby islands

Question 2

Realized niches are larger than fundamental niches.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Aposematic coloring occurs when ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  coloration serves as a disguise 
B)  a harmless species resembles a repellant one 
C)  two or more repellant species resemble one another 
D)  an individual can increase its size when threatened 
E)  repellant species exhibit bright, contrasting patterns 
A)  coloration serves as a disguise 
B)  a harmless species resembles a repellant one 
C)  two or more repellant species resemble one another 
D)  an individual can increase its size when threatened 
E)  repellant species exhibit bright, contrasting patterns

Question 4

The evolution of a genetically based, reciprocal adaptation in two or more interacting species is described as coadaptation .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

An ant species that can live only on acacia trees is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an obligatory mutualism 
B)  parasitism 
C)  an ectoparasite 
D)  an endoparasite 
E)  character displacement 
A)  an obligatory mutualism 
B)  parasitism 
C)  an ectoparasite 
D)  an endoparasite 
E)  character displacement

Question 6

A crow that consumes plants, insects and carrion is a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  generalist and an omnivore 
B)  generalist and an herbivore 
C)  specialist and a carnivore 
D)  specialist and a generalist 
E)  specialist and an herbivore 
A)  generalist and an omnivore 
B)  generalist and an herbivore 
C)  specialist and a carnivore 
D)  specialist and a generalist 
E)  specialist and an herbivore

Question 7

A foundation species ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  provides a foundation for parasites 
B)  has mutualistic relationships with many species 
C)  defines the nature of a community 
D)  lives in many different habitats 
E)  provides protection for species in its community 
A)  provides a foundation for parasites 
B)  has mutualistic relationships with many species 
C)  defines the nature of a community 
D)  lives in many different habitats 
E)  provides protection for species in its community

Question 8

How can predators influence the species richness and structure of communities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Predators increase the carrying capacity of their prey. 
B)  Predators destabilize competitive interactions among their prey. 
C)  Predators increase the population sizes of pathogens. 
D)  Predators increase the population sizes of their prey. 
E)  Predators reduce the population sizes of their prey. 
A)  Predators increase the carrying capacity of their prey. 
B)  Predators destabilize competitive interactions among their prey. 
C)  Predators increase the population sizes of pathogens. 
D)  Predators increase the population sizes of their prey. 
E)  Predators reduce the population sizes of their prey.

Question 9

If cowbird eggs are laid in an oropendola nest that is located near bee hives, what would be the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cowbird eggs would be ejected from the nest to eliminate the competition. 
B)  The cowbird eggs would be ejected from the nest due to a reaction of the mother bird's immune system. 
C)  The cowbird eggs would not be ejected from the nest because they provide an additional food source. 
D)  The cowbird eggs would not be ejected from the nest because they provide protection from large predators. 
E)  The cowbird eggs would not be ejected from the nest because they provide protection from parasites. 
A)  The cowbird eggs would be ejected from the nest to eliminate the competition. 
B)  The cowbird eggs would be ejected from the nest due to a reaction of the mother bird's immune system. 
C)  The cowbird eggs would not be ejected from the nest because they provide an additional food source. 
D)  The cowbird eggs would not be ejected from the nest because they provide protection from large predators. 
E)  The cowbird eggs would not be ejected from the nest because they provide protection from parasites.

Question 10

Connell studied two barnacle species, Balanus balanoides and Chthamalus stellatus . Where these species coexist, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the realized niche of Balanus is smaller than its fundamental niche due to competition by Chthamalus 
B)  the realized niche of Balanus is larger than its fundamental niche due to competition by Chthamalus 
C)  the realized niche of Chthamalus is smaller than its fundamental niche due to competition by Balanus 
D)  Balanus' fundamental niche includes all of Chthamalus fundamental niche 
E)  the realized niche of Balanus is about equal to its fundamental niche 
A)  the realized niche of Balanus is smaller than its fundamental niche due to competition by Chthamalus 
B)  the realized niche of Balanus is larger than its fundamental niche due to competition by Chthamalus 
C)  the realized niche of Chthamalus is smaller than its fundamental niche due to competition by Balanus 
D)  Balanus' fundamental niche includes all of Chthamalus fundamental niche 
E)  the realized niche of Balanus is about equal to its fundamental niche

Question 11

Sympatric populations are able to coexist without competing for resources due to morphological differences known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  niches 
B)  character displacements 
C)  resource partitions 
D)  mimics 
E)  parasitoids 
A)  niches 
B)  character displacements 
C)  resource partitions 
D)  mimics 
E)  parasitoids

Question 12

Which statement best describes the interactive view of communities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Species exhibit similar distributions along environmental gradients, and the boundaries between communities are sharp. 
B)  Species distributions are independent, and the boundaries between communities are wide transition zones. 
C)  Species exhibit similar distributions along environmental gradients, and the boundaries between communities are wide transition zones. 
D)  Species distributions are independent, and the boundaries between communities are sharp. 
E)  Species exhibit the same distribution along environmental gradients, and there are no boundaries between communities. 
A)  Species exhibit similar distributions along environmental gradients, and the boundaries between communities are sharp. 
B)  Species distributions are independent, and the boundaries between communities are wide transition zones. 
C)  Species exhibit similar distributions along environmental gradients, and the boundaries between communities are wide transition zones. 
D)  Species distributions are independent, and the boundaries between communities are sharp. 
E)  Species exhibit the same distribution along environmental gradients, and there are no boundaries between communities.

Question 13

An example from the text contrasts two forests, each with 10 species and a total of 50 trees. In the first forest, 39 of the 50 trees represent the dominant species. The second forest has 5 of each of the 10 different species. What conclusion can be drawn regarding these two forests?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of animal species in each forest would be the same. 
B)  The first forest is more diverse than the second. 
C)  The first forest must have had some human interference. 
D)  The second forest is more diverse than the first. 
E)  The second forest must have had some human interference. 
A)  The amount of animal species in each forest would be the same. 
B)  The first forest is more diverse than the second. 
C)  The first forest must have had some human interference. 
D)  The second forest is more diverse than the first. 
E)  The second forest must have had some human interference.

Question 14

A cougar investing more time hunting a mountain goat than a jackrabbit is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a specialist species 
B)  a generalist species 
C)  optimal foraging theory 
D)  predation 
E)  high prey density 
A)  a specialist species 
B)  a generalist species 
C)  optimal foraging theory 
D)  predation 
E)  high prey density

Question 15

An herbivore with the ability to recognize odors and avoid toxic plants is exhibiting evidence of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  predation 
B)  herbivory 
C)  coevolution 
D)  optimal foraging 
E)  mimicry 
A)  predation 
B)  herbivory 
C)  coevolution 
D)  optimal foraging 
E)  mimicry

Question 16

During the 1960s and 1970s, ecologists emphasized competition as the primary factor structuring communities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In the experiment involving bluegill sunfish and their choice of diet, when equal numbers of small, medium, and large Daphnia are present, the sunfish ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  prefer small Daphnia 
B)  prefer medium Daphnia 
C)  prefer large Daphnia 
D)  show no preference 
E)  will not consume Daphnia 
A)  prefer small Daphnia 
B)  prefer medium Daphnia 
C)  prefer large Daphnia 
D)  show no preference 
E)  will not consume Daphnia

Question 18

The evolution of genetically based, reciprocal adaptations in two or more interacting species is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  commensalism 
B)  coevolution 
C)  mutualism 
D)  parasitism 
E)  predation 
A)  commensalism 
B)  coevolution 
C)  mutualism 
D)  parasitism 
E)  predation

Question 19

Which scenario is an example of commensalism?

Accepted Answer

A)  acacia trees coevolved with ant colonies that protect the tree from herbivores 
B)  bacteria provide glucose to legume plants 
C)  cattle egrets feed on insects flushed out from the grass by cattle 
D)  plants coevolved with their pollinators 
E)  tapeworms feed and reproduce in the intestines of pigs 
A)  acacia trees coevolved with ant colonies that protect the tree from herbivores 
B)  bacteria provide glucose to legume plants 
C)  cattle egrets feed on insects flushed out from the grass by cattle 
D)  plants coevolved with their pollinators 
E)  tapeworms feed and reproduce in the intestines of pigs

Question 20

Which interaction is advantageous to both populations?

Accepted Answer

A)  commensalism 
B)  competition 
C)    mutualism 
D)  parasitism 
E)  predation 
A)  commensalism 
B)  competition 
C)    mutualism 
D)  parasitism 
E)  predation

Exam 53: Population Interactions and Community Ecology

According to the MacArthur-Wilson model, the mainland harbors ____.

Realized niches are larger than fundamental niches.

Aposematic coloring occurs when ____.

The evolution of a genetically based, reciprocal adaptation in two or more interacting species is described as coadaptation .

An ant species that can live only on acacia trees is an example of ____.

A crow that consumes plants, insects and carrion is a ____.

A foundation species ____.

How can predators influence the species richness and structure of communities?

If cowbird eggs are laid in an oropendola nest that is located near bee hives, what would be the expected outcome?

Connell studied two barnacle species, Balanus balanoides and Chthamalus stellatus . Where these species coexist, ____.

Sympatric populations are able to coexist without competing for resources due to morphological differences known as ____.

Which statement best describes the interactive view of communities?

An example from the text contrasts two forests, each with 10 species and a total of 50 trees. In the first forest, 39 of the 50 trees represent the dominant species. The second forest has 5 of each of the 10 different species. What conclusion can be drawn regarding these two forests?

A cougar investing more time hunting a mountain goat than a jackrabbit is an example of ____.

An herbivore with the ability to recognize odors and avoid toxic plants is exhibiting evidence of ____.

During the 1960s and 1970s, ecologists emphasized competition as the primary factor structuring communities.

In the experiment involving bluegill sunfish and their choice of diet, when equal numbers of small, medium, and large Daphnia are present, the sunfish ____.

The evolution of genetically based, reciprocal adaptations in two or more interacting species is called ____.

Which scenario is an example of commensalism?

Which interaction is advantageous to both populations?

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

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