Question 1

Greenhouse gases include ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, and hydrogen 
B)  carbon dioxide, water, methane, ozone, and nitrous oxide 
C)  carbon dioxide, phosphorous, water, and ozone 
D)  carbon dioxide, methane, and carbon monoxide 
E)  carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrous oxide, and phosphorous 
A)  carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, and hydrogen 
B)  carbon dioxide, water, methane, ozone, and nitrous oxide 
C)  carbon dioxide, phosphorous, water, and ozone 
D)  carbon dioxide, methane, and carbon monoxide 
E)  carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrous oxide, and phosphorous

Question 2

Why is nitrogen necessary in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen is required in order

Question 3

What are the specific environmental consequences of a phytoplankton bloom?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in phytoplankton acidifies ocean water. 
B)  Phytoplankton are decomposed by aerobic bacteria, which depletes the surrounding water of oxygen. 
C)  Phytoplankton fix nitrogen in the water causing nitrification. 
D)  Phytoplankton are decomposed by anaerobic bacteria which enriches the surrounding water with oxygen. 
E)  Phytoplankton use up hydrogen ions, which decreases the acidity of the surrounding water. 
A)  An increase in phytoplankton acidifies ocean water. 
B)  Phytoplankton are decomposed by aerobic bacteria, which depletes the surrounding water of oxygen. 
C)  Phytoplankton fix nitrogen in the water causing nitrification. 
D)  Phytoplankton are decomposed by anaerobic bacteria which enriches the surrounding water with oxygen. 
E)  Phytoplankton use up hydrogen ions, which decreases the acidity of the surrounding water.

Question 4

Match between columns
                        Premises: detritivores and decomposers
tertiary consumers
primary consumers
primary producers
secondary consumers

Accepted Answer

The Answer of C and B and D and E is...

Question 5

Nitrogen is made available to plants for their use by the process(es) of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonification only 
B)  nitrification only 
C)  nitrogen fixation only 
D)  ammonification and nitrification only 
E)  ammonification, nitrification, and nitrogen fixation 
A)  ammonification only 
B)  nitrification only 
C)  nitrogen fixation only 
D)  ammonification and nitrification only 
E)  ammonification, nitrification, and nitrogen fixation

Question 6

High ____ concentrations in Lake Erie encouraged the growth of photosynthetic algae, which changed the phytoplankton community.

Accepted Answer

A)  sewage 
B)  detergent 
C)  coliform bacteria 
D)  phosphorous 
E)  dead fish 
A)  sewage 
B)  detergent 
C)  coliform bacteria 
D)  phosphorous 
E)  dead fish

Question 7

Which marine ecosystem has the highest mean net primary productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  continental shelf 
B)  estuaries 
C)  kelp beds and reefs 
D)  open ocean 
E)  upwelling zones 
A)  continental shelf 
B)  estuaries 
C)  kelp beds and reefs 
D)  open ocean 
E)  upwelling zones

Question 8

In aquatic ecosystems, CO2reacts with water to form ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  HCO 
B)  HNO3 
C)  CaCO3 
D)  CO 
E)  H2CO3 
A)  HCO 
B)  HNO3 
C)  CaCO3 
D)  CO 
E)  H2CO3

Question 9

Ecologists use compartment models to describe ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  grazer food webs 
B)  detrital food webs 
C)  nutrient cycling 
D)  species richness 
E)  inputs of solar energy 
A)  grazer food webs 
B)  detrital food webs 
C)  nutrient cycling 
D)  species richness 
E)  inputs of solar energy

Question 10

An available nutrient molecule ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  exists in living or dead tissues 
B)  cannot be assimilated by organisms 
C)  can be assimilated by organisms 
D)  exists in rocks and soil 
E)  exists as an ion 
A)  exists in living or dead tissues 
B)  cannot be assimilated by organisms 
C)  can be assimilated by organisms 
D)  exists in rocks and soil 
E)  exists as an ion

Question 11

The rate at which producers convert solar energy into chemical energy is an ecosystem's ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  standing crop biomass 
B)  biogeochemical cycle 
C)  net primary productivity 
D)  efficiency 
E)  gross primary productivity 
A)  standing crop biomass 
B)  biogeochemical cycle 
C)  net primary productivity 
D)  efficiency 
E)  gross primary productivity

Question 12

The analysis of energy flow in an aquatic ecosystem in Silver Springs, Florida, revealed that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  energy flows are difficult to measure 
B)  most of the sun's energy is harvested 
C)  only a little energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next 
D)  the energy flow in carnivores is equal to that of producers 
E)  trophic energy losses are not significant 
A)  energy flows are difficult to measure 
B)  most of the sun's energy is harvested 
C)  only a little energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next 
D)  the energy flow in carnivores is equal to that of producers 
E)  trophic energy losses are not significant

Question 13

Salt marsh cordgrass is consumed by herbivorous marsh periwinkle snails, which in turn are consumed by blue crabs. Research has shown that cordgrass productivity is controlled ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  indirectly by the abundance of snails 
B)  indirectly by the abundance of snail predators 
C)  directly by the abundance of snail predators 
D)  directly by the availability of nutrients in the salt marsh 
E)  indirectly by the amount of sunlight penetrating the water 
A)  indirectly by the abundance of snails 
B)  indirectly by the abundance of snail predators 
C)  directly by the abundance of snail predators 
D)  directly by the availability of nutrients in the salt marsh 
E)  indirectly by the amount of sunlight penetrating the water

Question 14

Scientists estimate that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by 35% in the last 150 years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Endothermic animals use the majority of their energy to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  digest 
B)  grow 
C)  move 
D)  reproduce 
E)  stay warm 
A)  digest 
B)  grow 
C)  move 
D)  reproduce 
E)  stay warm

Question 16

Which class of organisms makes up the detrital food web?

Accepted Answer

A)  carnivores and decomposers 
B)  decomposers and detritivores 
C)  decomposers and producers 
D)  herbivores and carnivores 
E)  producers and herbivores 
A)  carnivores and decomposers 
B)  decomposers and detritivores 
C)  decomposers and producers 
D)  herbivores and carnivores 
E)  producers and herbivores

Question 17

How do the pyramids of biomass for Silver Springs, Florida, and the English Channel compare?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are both typical of most ecosystems. 
B)  They both indicate that producers are quickly eaten by herbivores. 
C)  The pyramid for Silver Springs is typical of most ecosystems, and the English Channel pyramid indicates that producers are quickly eaten by herbivores. 
D)  The pyramid for Silver Springs indicates that producers are quickly eaten by herbivores, and the English Channel pyramid is typical of most ecosystems. 
E)  Both pyramids indicate overgrowth of producers. 
A)  They are both typical of most ecosystems. 
B)  They both indicate that producers are quickly eaten by herbivores. 
C)  The pyramid for Silver Springs is typical of most ecosystems, and the English Channel pyramid indicates that producers are quickly eaten by herbivores. 
D)  The pyramid for Silver Springs indicates that producers are quickly eaten by herbivores, and the English Channel pyramid is typical of most ecosystems. 
E)  Both pyramids indicate overgrowth of producers.

Question 18

Greenhouse gases ____, which is directed back toward Earth, maintaining the temperature of the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A)  emit heat energy 
B)  absorb heat energy 
C)  emit carbon dioxide 
D)  absorb solar energy 
E)  absorb carbon dioxide 
A)  emit heat energy 
B)  absorb heat energy 
C)  emit carbon dioxide 
D)  absorb solar energy 
E)  absorb carbon dioxide

Question 19

The largest reservoir of carbon is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  consumers 
B)  nutrients in soil 
C)  producers 
D)  sedimentary rock 
E)  water 
A)  consumers 
B)  nutrients in soil 
C)  producers 
D)  sedimentary rock 
E)  water

Question 20

Experiments in which nitrogen supplementation increased the biomass of both plants and herbivores show ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  bottom-up control 
B)  top-down control 
C)  indirect control 
D)  inverted cascades 
E)  nutrient cycling 
A)  bottom-up control 
B)  top-down control 
C)  indirect control 
D)  inverted cascades 
E)  nutrient cycling

Exam 54: Ecosystems

Greenhouse gases include ____.

Why is nitrogen necessary in the human body?

What are the specific environmental consequences of a phytoplankton bloom?

Nitrogen is made available to plants for their use by the process(es) of ____.

High ____ concentrations in Lake Erie encouraged the growth of photosynthetic algae, which changed the phytoplankton community.

Which marine ecosystem has the highest mean net primary productivity?

In aquatic ecosystems, CO2reacts with water to form ____.

Ecologists use compartment models to describe ____.

An available nutrient molecule ____.

The rate at which producers convert solar energy into chemical energy is an ecosystem's ____.

The analysis of energy flow in an aquatic ecosystem in Silver Springs, Florida, revealed that ____.

Salt marsh cordgrass is consumed by herbivorous marsh periwinkle snails, which in turn are consumed by blue crabs. Research has shown that cordgrass productivity is controlled ____.

Scientists estimate that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by 35% in the last 150 years.

Endothermic animals use the majority of their energy to _____.

Which class of organisms makes up the detrital food web?

How do the pyramids of biomass for Silver Springs, Florida, and the English Channel compare?

Greenhouse gases ____, which is directed back toward Earth, maintaining the temperature of the atmosphere.

The largest reservoir of carbon is ____.

Experiments in which nitrogen supplementation increased the biomass of both plants and herbivores show ____.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

In aquatic ecosystems, CO₂reacts with water to form ____.