Question 1

A large percentage of energy passes on from one trophic level to the next.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: soil water
terrestrial food webs
coal, oil, and peat
terrestrial rocks
gaseous reservoir of carbon dioxide

Accepted Answer

The Answer of B and D and C and E is...

Question 3

Fossil fuels are the result of buried organisms where low oxygen levels existed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Burning fossil fuels has clearly resulted in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases in atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide 
B)  increases in extinction rates 
C)  increases in concentrations of carbon dioxide in soils 
D)  increases in carbon retention in animals 
E)  decreases in atmospheric concentrations of oxygen 
A)  increases in atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide 
B)  increases in extinction rates 
C)  increases in concentrations of carbon dioxide in soils 
D)  increases in carbon retention in animals 
E)  decreases in atmospheric concentrations of oxygen

Question 5

A small decrease in seawater pH was shown to have a significant effect on ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  climate change 
B)  the oceanic sink for carbon dioxide 
C)  gene expression in sea urchin larvae 
D)  genes expression in zooplankton 
E)  carbon dioxide accumulation in the ocean 
A)  climate change 
B)  the oceanic sink for carbon dioxide 
C)  gene expression in sea urchin larvae 
D)  genes expression in zooplankton 
E)  carbon dioxide accumulation in the ocean

Question 6

Match between columns
                        Premises: gross primary productivity minus the energy used for cellular respiration
the energy transfer from producers to consumers
predicts what would happen if an ecosystem was changed
describes how nutrients accumulate in four compartments
the relationship between a predator and prey that affects populations in two or more trophic levels

Accepted Answer

The Answer of generalized compartment model and ecological pyramid and is...

Question 7

Where do terrestrial plants obtain the necessary carbon for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Plants obtain the ma

Question 8

What is the ratio of the energy content of food consumed to the energy content of food available?

Accepted Answer

A)  ecological efficiency 
B)  harvesting efficiency 
C)  production efficiency 
D)  assimilation efficiency 
E)  net primary productivity 
A)  ecological efficiency 
B)  harvesting efficiency 
C)  production efficiency 
D)  assimilation efficiency 
E)  net primary productivity

Question 9

The Lake Erie ecosystem was affected by humans because human activities ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  extracted resources without replacement 
B)  caused global warming 
C)  used the water without replacement 
D)  disrupted energy flow and the cycling of nutrients 
E)  extracted energy without replacement 
A)  extracted resources without replacement 
B)  caused global warming 
C)  used the water without replacement 
D)  disrupted energy flow and the cycling of nutrients 
E)  extracted energy without replacement

Question 10

What is the relationship of food webs to biological magnification of toxins?

Accepted Answer

When there are toxins present in the soi

Question 11

Energy losses are multiplied in successive energy transfers in a food web.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The overall ecological efficiency of most organisms is between ____ percent.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 
B)  2 and 5 
C)  5 and 20 
D)  10 and 50 
E)  50 and 75 
A)  1 and 2 
B)  2 and 5 
C)  5 and 20 
D)  10 and 50 
E)  50 and 75

Question 13

Biological magnification is best defined as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the increase in toxicity of a chemical compound resulting from its metabolism by a living organism 
B)  the higher relative proportion of biomass among producers as compared to consumers in an ecosystem 
C)  the concentration of nondegradable poisons within organisms at higher trophic levels 
D)  the concentration of degradable poisons within organisms at lower trophic levels 
E)  the declining relative proportion of nondegradable poisons in organisms at higher trophic levels as compared to those at lower trophic levels 
A)  the increase in toxicity of a chemical compound resulting from its metabolism by a living organism 
B)  the higher relative proportion of biomass among producers as compared to consumers in an ecosystem 
C)  the concentration of nondegradable poisons within organisms at higher trophic levels 
D)  the concentration of degradable poisons within organisms at lower trophic levels 
E)  the declining relative proportion of nondegradable poisons in organisms at higher trophic levels as compared to those at lower trophic levels

Question 14

The main natural source of phosphorus is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Earth's crust 
B)  fertilizer 
C)  guano 
D)  legumes 
E)  water 
A)  Earth's crust 
B)  fertilizer 
C)  guano 
D)  legumes 
E)  water

Question 15

Why is the productivity poor in the deeper parts of the ocean?

Accepted Answer

In the deeper parts of the ocean, sunlig

Question 16

What was one of the primary results from the Hubbard Brook Watershed Project?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deforestation increases flooding. 
B)  New plant species that absorb less water were discovered. 
C)  Pollution gravely affected the water supply. 
D)  Primary consumers are the most important part of the energy pyramid. 
E)  Trees absorb too much water and are not useful in a watershed area. 
A)  Deforestation increases flooding. 
B)  New plant species that absorb less water were discovered. 
C)  Pollution gravely affected the water supply. 
D)  Primary consumers are the most important part of the energy pyramid. 
E)  Trees absorb too much water and are not useful in a watershed area.

Question 17

What is thought to be responsible for the worldwide deaths of corals and their endosymbiotic algae?

Accepted Answer

A)  ocean acidification 
B)  nitrogen fixation 
C)  soil runoff 
D)  declining primary productivity 
E)  depletion of oxygen in the oceans 
A)  ocean acidification 
B)  nitrogen fixation 
C)  soil runoff 
D)  declining primary productivity 
E)  depletion of oxygen in the oceans

Question 18

Most available carbon is present as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 
B)  CaCO3 
C)  C 
D)  HCO3¯ 
E)  N2 
A)  CO2 
B)  CaCO3 
C)  C 
D)  HCO3¯ 
E)  N2

Question 19

Zooplankton eating phytoplankton almost as soon as they appear in marine ecosystems causes the pyramid of biomass to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  resemble the pyramid of energy 
B)  invert 
C)  widen at the base 
D)  add trophic levels 
E)  to become obsolete 
A)  resemble the pyramid of energy 
B)  invert 
C)  widen at the base 
D)  add trophic levels 
E)  to become obsolete

Question 20

Why is a pyramid of numbers for a forest sometimes narrow at the bottom?

Accepted Answer

A)  Energy decreases as it passes through each trophic level. 
B)  Energy increases as it passes through each trophic level. 
C)  Individual producers are small and very numerous. 
D)  Herbivorous insects vastly outnumber large producers. 
E)  Large producers vastly outnumber insects. 
A)  Energy decreases as it passes through each trophic level. 
B)  Energy increases as it passes through each trophic level. 
C)  Individual producers are small and very numerous. 
D)  Herbivorous insects vastly outnumber large producers. 
E)  Large producers vastly outnumber insects.

Exam 54: Ecosystems

A large percentage of energy passes on from one trophic level to the next.

Fossil fuels are the result of buried organisms where low oxygen levels existed.

Burning fossil fuels has clearly resulted in ____.

A small decrease in seawater pH was shown to have a significant effect on ____.

Where do terrestrial plants obtain the necessary carbon for photosynthesis?

What is the ratio of the energy content of food consumed to the energy content of food available?

The Lake Erie ecosystem was affected by humans because human activities ____.

What is the relationship of food webs to biological magnification of toxins?

Energy losses are multiplied in successive energy transfers in a food web.

The overall ecological efficiency of most organisms is between ____ percent.

Biological magnification is best defined as ____.

The main natural source of phosphorus is ____.

Why is the productivity poor in the deeper parts of the ocean?

What was one of the primary results from the Hubbard Brook Watershed Project?

What is thought to be responsible for the worldwide deaths of corals and their endosymbiotic algae?

Most available carbon is present as ____.

Zooplankton eating phytoplankton almost as soon as they appear in marine ecosystems causes the pyramid of biomass to ____.

Why is a pyramid of numbers for a forest sometimes narrow at the bottom?

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

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