Question 1

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria and chloroplasts 
B)  membrane proteins of the inner nuclear envelope 
C)  free ribosomes and ribosomes attached to the ER 
D)  components of the cytoskeleton 
E)  cellulose fibers in the cell wall 
A)  mitochondria and chloroplasts 
B)  membrane proteins of the inner nuclear envelope 
C)  free ribosomes and ribosomes attached to the ER 
D)  components of the cytoskeleton 
E)  cellulose fibers in the cell wall

Question 2

When yeast cells are transferred from anaerobic to aerobic growth conditions, which of these organelles become much more numerous?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysosomes 
B)  Golgi apparatus 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  mitochondria 
A)  lysosomes 
B)  Golgi apparatus 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  mitochondria

Question 3

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  rough ER 
B)  lysosomes 
C)  plasmodesmata 
D)  Golgi vesicles 
E)  free cytoplasmic ribosomes 
A)  rough ER 
B)  lysosomes 
C)  plasmodesmata 
D)  Golgi vesicles 
E)  free cytoplasmic ribosomes

Question 4

Researchers tried to explain how vesicular transport occurs in cells by attempting to assemble the transport components. They set up microtubular tracks along which vesicles could be transported, and they added vesicles and ATP (because they knew the transport process requires energy). Yet, when they put everything together, there was no movement or transport of vesicles. What were they missing?

Accepted Answer

A)  an axon 
B)  contractile microfilaments 
C)  endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  motor proteins 
A)  an axon 
B)  contractile microfilaments 
C)  endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  motor proteins

Question 5

Why is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum unable to synthesize proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  No ribosomes are attached to its surface. 
B)  There is no supply of free amino acids that it can easily access. 
C)  It stores calcium, which is a known inhibitor of protein synthesis. 
D)  It has no DNA to direct synthesis of proteins. 
A)  No ribosomes are attached to its surface. 
B)  There is no supply of free amino acids that it can easily access. 
C)  It stores calcium, which is a known inhibitor of protein synthesis. 
D)  It has no DNA to direct synthesis of proteins.

Question 6

Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysosome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome 
A)  lysosome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome

Question 7

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosome 
B)  lysosome 
C)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  mitochondrion 
E)  contractile vacuole 
A)  ribosome 
B)  lysosome 
C)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  mitochondrion 
E)  contractile vacuole

Question 8

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  vacuoles 
B)  chloroplasts 
C)  mitochondria 
D)  lysosomes 
E)  nuclei 
A)  vacuoles 
B)  chloroplasts 
C)  mitochondria 
D)  lysosomes 
E)  nuclei

Question 9

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  ER → Golgi → nucleus 
B)  Golgi → ER → lysosome 
C)  nucleus → ER → Golgi 
D)  ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane 
E)  ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane 
A)  ER → Golgi → nucleus 
B)  Golgi → ER → lysosome 
C)  nucleus → ER → Golgi 
D)  ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane 
E)  ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

Question 10

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysosome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome 
A)  lysosome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome

Question 11

Lysosomes are considered to be part of the endomembrane system because they ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  deposit end-products of digestion in the endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  facilitate movement between stacks of the Golgi 
C)  are formed from products synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum and processed by the Golgi 
D)  are composed largely of phospholipids 
A)  deposit end-products of digestion in the endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  facilitate movement between stacks of the Golgi 
C)  are formed from products synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum and processed by the Golgi 
D)  are composed largely of phospholipids

Question 12

How is the structure of kinesin related to its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kinesin has two intertwined polypeptides that make up the stalk and enable it to contract and shorten. 
B)  Kinesin has a tail region that binds to vesicles and two heads that can attach to microtubules. 
C)  The kinesin tail has an ATP binding site to fuel its activities. 
D)  Kinesin has two heads to attach to the vesicle being moved and a tail region that attaches to microtubules. 
A)  Kinesin has two intertwined polypeptides that make up the stalk and enable it to contract and shorten. 
B)  Kinesin has a tail region that binds to vesicles and two heads that can attach to microtubules. 
C)  The kinesin tail has an ATP binding site to fuel its activities. 
D)  Kinesin has two heads to attach to the vesicle being moved and a tail region that attaches to microtubules.

Question 13

Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a bacterium 
B)  an animal but not a plant 
C)  nearly any eukaryotic organism 
D)  a plant but not an animal 
E)  any kind of prokaryotic organism 
A)  a bacterium 
B)  an animal but not a plant 
C)  nearly any eukaryotic organism 
D)  a plant but not an animal 
E)  any kind of prokaryotic organism

Question 14

The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  interconnection of most intracellular membranes to the nuclear envelope 
B)  transportation of membrane lipids among the membranes of the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles 
C)  function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components 
D)  modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination 
E)  synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system 
A)  interconnection of most intracellular membranes to the nuclear envelope 
B)  transportation of membrane lipids among the membranes of the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles 
C)  function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components 
D)  modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination 
E)  synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system

Question 15

In a bacterium, we will find DNA in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a membrane-enclosed nucleus 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  the endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  the nucleoid 
E)  ribosomes 
A)  a membrane-enclosed nucleus 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  the endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  the nucleoid 
E)  ribosomes

Question 16

Which of the following correctly matches a component of the cytoskeleton to one of its functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microfilaments form the nuclear lamina. 
B)  Microtubules help animal cells divide in two. 
C)  Microfilaments cause ciliary bending. 
D)  Intermediate filaments contribute to cytoplasmic streaming. 
E)  Microtubules move chromosomes. 
A)  Microfilaments form the nuclear lamina. 
B)  Microtubules help animal cells divide in two. 
C)  Microfilaments cause ciliary bending. 
D)  Intermediate filaments contribute to cytoplasmic streaming. 
E)  Microtubules move chromosomes.

Question 17

Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  glyoxysome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome 
A)  glyoxysome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome

Question 18

Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  amino acids 
C)  mRNA 
D)  phospholipids 
A)  DNA 
B)  amino acids 
C)  mRNA 
D)  phospholipids

Question 19

Cilia and flagella bend because of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conformational changes in ATP that thrust microtubules laterally 
B)  a motor protein called radial spokes 
C)  the quick inward movements of water by osmosis 
D)  a motor protein called dynein 
A)  conformational changes in ATP that thrust microtubules laterally 
B)  a motor protein called radial spokes 
C)  the quick inward movements of water by osmosis 
D)  a motor protein called dynein

Question 20

Actin filaments have polarity. This means that the two ends can be identified due to structural differences. The plus end is the end to which subunits are added more rapidly, or the end of polymerization. Which of the following would enable you to identify the plus end of actin filaments?

Accepted Answer

A)  adding radiolabeled actin subunits to a mixture of actin filaments in which conditions are favorable for polymerization 
B)  adding radiolabeled actin subunits to a mixture of actin filaments in which conditions favor depolymerization 
C)  determining the ionic charge of the ends of the actin filaments 
A)  adding radiolabeled actin subunits to a mixture of actin filaments in which conditions are favorable for polymerization 
B)  adding radiolabeled actin subunits to a mixture of actin filaments in which conditions favor depolymerization 
C)  determining the ionic charge of the ends of the actin filaments

Exam 7: Inside the Cell

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

When yeast cells are transferred from anaerobic to aerobic growth conditions, which of these organelles become much more numerous?

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

Why is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum unable to synthesize proteins?

Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen?

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in ________.

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Lysosomes are considered to be part of the endomembrane system because they ________.

How is the structure of kinesin related to its function?

Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from ________.

The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by the ________.

In a bacterium, we will find DNA in ________.

Which of the following correctly matches a component of the cytoskeleton to one of its functions?

Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?

Cilia and flagella bend because of ________.

Actin filaments have polarity. This means that the two ends can be identified due to structural differences. The plus end is the end to which subunits are added more rapidly, or the end of polymerization. Which of the following would enable you to identify the plus end of actin filaments?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Filters