Question 1

Alternative RNA splicing ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription 
B)  can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA 
C)  can allow the production of similar proteins from different genes 
D)  increases the rate of transcription 
E)  is due to the presence or absence of particular snRNPs 
A)  is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription 
B)  can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA 
C)  can allow the production of similar proteins from different genes 
D)  increases the rate of transcription 
E)  is due to the presence or absence of particular snRNPs

Question 2

The B-I mutation in anthocyanin (red pigments) produces pigmented corn plants, whereas the B′ mutation in the same gene usually produces nearly unpigmented corn plants when homozygous (B´/B´). When homozygous B-I and B′ plants are intercrossed, the F1 plants are essentially unpigmented, like the B′ homozygotes. If this outcome were due simply to the dominance of B′ to B-I, then a self-cross of the F1 plants (B´/B-I) should generate B-I-colored homozygotes as approximately 1/4 (B-I/B-I) of the F2 progeny. Instead, no F2 are pigmented. Intercrosses of the F2 and of further generations do not restore the pigmented phenotype. What is the term for this type of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mendelian inheritance 
B)  organelle genome inheritance 
C)  allelic inheritance 
D)  epigenetic inheritance 
A)  Mendelian inheritance 
B)  organelle genome inheritance 
C)  allelic inheritance 
D)  epigenetic inheritance

Question 3

The product of the p53 gene ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibits the cell cycle 
B)  slows down the rate of DNA replication by interfering with the binding of DNA polymerase 
C)  causes cells to reduce expression of genes involved in DNA repair 
D)  allows cells to pass on mutations due to DNA damage 
A)  inhibits the cell cycle 
B)  slows down the rate of DNA replication by interfering with the binding of DNA polymerase 
C)  causes cells to reduce expression of genes involved in DNA repair 
D)  allows cells to pass on mutations due to DNA damage

Question 4

Which of the following allows more than one type of protein to be produced from one gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  alternative forms of chromatin remodeling 
B)  alternative forms of RNA splicing 
C)  alternative forms of nucleosomes 
D)  control of the frequency of translation initiation 
A)  alternative forms of chromatin remodeling 
B)  alternative forms of RNA splicing 
C)  alternative forms of nucleosomes 
D)  control of the frequency of translation initiation

Question 5

The predominant mechanism driving cellular differentiation is the difference in gene ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  expression 
B)  sequences 
C)  order 
D)  replication 
A)  expression 
B)  sequences 
C)  order 
D)  replication

Question 6

How do chromatin-remodeling complexes recognize the genes they should act on? Chromatin-remodeling complexes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are activated by specific extracellular signals that direct them to particular genes 
B)  recognize specific promoters when they are phosphorylated, methylated, or acetylated 
C)  recognize specific transcription factors bound to regulatory sequences of DNA 
D)  bind to the basal transcription complex 
A)  are activated by specific extracellular signals that direct them to particular genes 
B)  recognize specific promoters when they are phosphorylated, methylated, or acetylated 
C)  recognize specific transcription factors bound to regulatory sequences of DNA 
D)  bind to the basal transcription complex

Question 7

Which of the following is most likely to have a small protein called ubiquitin attached to it?

Accepted Answer

A)  a cyclin protein, which usually acts in G1, in a cell that is in G2 
B)  a cell surface protein that requires transport from the ER 
C)  an mRNA leaving the nucleus to be translated 
D)  a regulatory protein that requires sugar residues to function properly 
E)  an mRNA produced by an egg cell that will be retained until after fertilization 
A)  a cyclin protein, which usually acts in G1, in a cell that is in G2 
B)  a cell surface protein that requires transport from the ER 
C)  an mRNA leaving the nucleus to be translated 
D)  a regulatory protein that requires sugar residues to function properly 
E)  an mRNA produced by an egg cell that will be retained until after fertilization

Question 8

If you were to observe the activity of methylated DNA, you would expect it to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  be replicating nearly continuously 
B)  be unwinding in preparation for protein synthesis 
C)  have turned off or slowed down the process of transcription 
D)  be very actively transcribed and translated 
E)  induce protein synthesis by not allowing repressors to bind to it 
A)  be replicating nearly continuously 
B)  be unwinding in preparation for protein synthesis 
C)  have turned off or slowed down the process of transcription 
D)  be very actively transcribed and translated 
E)  induce protein synthesis by not allowing repressors to bind to it

Question 9

The protein p53 activates genes that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase mutation rate 
B)  lead to higher production of growth factors for the cell 
C)  increase the rate of endocytosis 
D)  arrest the cell cycle 
A)  increase mutation rate 
B)  lead to higher production of growth factors for the cell 
C)  increase the rate of endocytosis 
D)  arrest the cell cycle

Question 10

Gene expression can be altered more easily at the level of post-transcriptional processing in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  eukaryotic mRNAs get 5' caps and 3' tails 
B)  prokaryotic genes are expressed as mRNA, which is more stable in the cell 
C)  eukaryotic exons may be spliced in alternative patterns 
D)  prokaryotes use ribosomes of different structure and size 
A)  eukaryotic mRNAs get 5' caps and 3' tails 
B)  prokaryotic genes are expressed as mRNA, which is more stable in the cell 
C)  eukaryotic exons may be spliced in alternative patterns 
D)  prokaryotes use ribosomes of different structure and size

Question 11

Cloning of plants from cuttings demonstrates that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an individual plant cell cannot de-differentiate and then re-differentiate 
B)  differentiated plant cells may contain embryonic mRNAs 
C)  plants lose genetic information in the differentiation process 
D)  mature plant cells retain the full genetic information needed to carry out the developmental processes to produce a new individual plant 
A)  an individual plant cell cannot de-differentiate and then re-differentiate 
B)  differentiated plant cells may contain embryonic mRNAs 
C)  plants lose genetic information in the differentiation process 
D)  mature plant cells retain the full genetic information needed to carry out the developmental processes to produce a new individual plant

Question 12

In eukaryotes, general transcription factors ________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  are required for the expression of specific protein-encoding genes 
B)  bind to other proteins or to the TATA box 
C)  inhibit RNA polymerase binding to the promoter and begin transcribing 
D)  usually lead to a high level of transcription even without additional specific transcription factors 
E)  bind to sequences just after the start site of transcription 
A)  are required for the expression of specific protein-encoding genes 
B)  bind to other proteins or to the TATA box 
C)  inhibit RNA polymerase binding to the promoter and begin transcribing 
D)  usually lead to a high level of transcription even without additional specific transcription factors 
E)  bind to sequences just after the start site of transcription

Question 13

Why do histones bind tightly to DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Histones are positively charged, and DNA is negatively charged. 
B)  Histones are negatively charged, and DNA is positively charged. 
C)  Both histones and DNA are strongly hydrophobic. 
D)  Histones are covalently linked to the DNA. 
E)  Histones are highly hydrophobic, and DNA is hydrophilic. 
A)  Histones are positively charged, and DNA is negatively charged. 
B)  Histones are negatively charged, and DNA is positively charged. 
C)  Both histones and DNA are strongly hydrophobic. 
D)  Histones are covalently linked to the DNA. 
E)  Histones are highly hydrophobic, and DNA is hydrophilic.

Question 14

If a cell were unable to produce histone proteins, which of the following would be a likely effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  There would be an increase in the amount of "satellite" DNA produced during centrifugation. 
B)  The cell's DNA couldn't be packed into its nucleus. 
C)  Spindle fibers would not form during prophase. 
D)  Amplification of other genes would compensate for the lack of histones. 
A)  There would be an increase in the amount of "satellite" DNA produced during centrifugation. 
B)  The cell's DNA couldn't be packed into its nucleus. 
C)  Spindle fibers would not form during prophase. 
D)  Amplification of other genes would compensate for the lack of histones.

Question 15

The normal function of a tumor suppressor gene is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  suppress the growth of tumors already present in all multicellular eukaryotes 
B)  prevent progression of the cell cycle unless conditions are right for moving forward 
C)  prevent meiosis 
D)  prevent mutations in p53 
A)  suppress the growth of tumors already present in all multicellular eukaryotes 
B)  prevent progression of the cell cycle unless conditions are right for moving forward 
C)  prevent meiosis 
D)  prevent mutations in p53

Question 16

Use this information to answer the question(s) below.
-In one set of experiments she succeeded in increasing acetlylation of histone tails. Which of the following results would she most likely see?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased chromatin condensation 
B)  decreased chromatin condensation 
C)  activation of histone tails for enzymatic function 
D)  decreased binding of transcription factors 
E)  inactivation of the selected genes 
A)  increased chromatin condensation 
B)  decreased chromatin condensation 
C)  activation of histone tails for enzymatic function 
D)  decreased binding of transcription factors 
E)  inactivation of the selected genes

Exam 19: Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Alternative RNA splicing ________.

The product of the p53 gene ________.

Which of the following allows more than one type of protein to be produced from one gene?

The predominant mechanism driving cellular differentiation is the difference in gene ________.

How do chromatin-remodeling complexes recognize the genes they should act on? Chromatin-remodeling complexes ________.

Which of the following is most likely to have a small protein called ubiquitin attached to it?

If you were to observe the activity of methylated DNA, you would expect it to ________.

The protein p53 activates genes that ________.

Gene expression can be altered more easily at the level of post-transcriptional processing in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes because ________.

Cloning of plants from cuttings demonstrates that ________.

In eukaryotes, general transcription factors ________ .

Why do histones bind tightly to DNA?

If a cell were unable to produce histone proteins, which of the following would be a likely effect?

The normal function of a tumor suppressor gene is to ________.

Use this information to answer the question(s) below. -In one set of experiments she succeeded in increasing acetlylation of histone tails. Which of the following results would she most likely see?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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