Question 1

Cole and colleagues (2001) examined developmental changes in various domains of self-esteem in elementary school and high school. They found that

Accepted Answer

A)  academic self-worth showed the greatest changes with age. 
B)  social self-worth decreases substantially with age. 
C)  girls have higher behavioural self-worth in the elementary-school years than do boys. 
D)  boys have higher academic self-worth during the elementary-school years than do girls. 
A)  academic self-worth showed the greatest changes with age. 
B)  social self-worth decreases substantially with age. 
C)  girls have higher behavioural self-worth in the elementary-school years than do boys. 
D)  boys have higher academic self-worth during the elementary-school years than do girls.

Question 2

Who is likely to have the highest self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abe, who just started high school 
B)  Tex, who just started junior high school 
C)  Gus, who is in early elementary school 
D)  Len, who is in preschool 
A)  Abe, who just started high school 
B)  Tex, who just started junior high school 
C)  Gus, who is in early elementary school 
D)  Len, who is in preschool

Question 3

Two-year-old Chris "helps" his dad change the oil in the car and ends up with a black oil streak on his cheek. When they come into the house, his dad takes him into the bathroom to clean up. Based on what you know about self-awareness in two-year-olds, what would you expect Chris to do when he looks in the mirror?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reach up and touch the black spot on his cheek. 
B)  Touch the black spot he sees on the mirror. 
C)  Look at his dad to see if he, too, has oil on his face. 
D)  Not show any indication that he notices the spot. 
A)  Reach up and touch the black spot on his cheek. 
B)  Touch the black spot he sees on the mirror. 
C)  Look at his dad to see if he, too, has oil on his face. 
D)  Not show any indication that he notices the spot.

Question 4

As children develop, the progression in how they describe others goes from emphasizing

Accepted Answer

A)  concrete traits to including psychological traits, and finally, to integrating traits. 
B)  an integration of traits to focusing on psychological traits and, finally, to focusing on concrete traits. 
C)  concrete traits to integrating traits and, finally, to including psychological traits. 
D)  psychological traits to focusing on concrete traits and, finally, to integrating traits. 
A)  concrete traits to including psychological traits, and finally, to integrating traits. 
B)  an integration of traits to focusing on psychological traits and, finally, to focusing on concrete traits. 
C)  concrete traits to integrating traits and, finally, to including psychological traits. 
D)  psychological traits to focusing on concrete traits and, finally, to integrating traits.

Question 5

According to Cole and colleagues, research on developmental change in different domains of self-worth during elementary school and high school, there is evidence that

Accepted Answer

A)  the nature of developmental change in self-worth depends on the domain. 
B)  boys' and girls' self-perceptions are similar in all domains. 
C)  school transitions do not affect self-perceptions. 
D)  boys' self-worth is higher than girls' self-worth in all domains and ages. 
A)  the nature of developmental change in self-worth depends on the domain. 
B)  boys' and girls' self-perceptions are similar in all domains. 
C)  school transitions do not affect self-perceptions. 
D)  boys' self-worth is higher than girls' self-worth in all domains and ages.

Question 6

Chan's self-concept includes statements about his attitudes, personality traits, religious beliefs, and occupational goals. How old is Chan?

Accepted Answer

A)  three years old 
B)  five years old 
C)  eight years old 
D)  15 years old 
A)  three years old 
B)  five years old 
C)  eight years old 
D)  15 years old

Question 7

Who is likely to display the most prejudice?

Accepted Answer

A)  five-year-old Eric 
B)  eight-year-old Stan 
C)  17-year-old Bob 
D)  25-year-old Mike 
A)  five-year-old Eric 
B)  eight-year-old Stan 
C)  17-year-old Bob 
D)  25-year-old Mike

Question 8

Teenagers' tendency to believe that their experiences and feelings are unique, and that no one has ever felt or thought as they do is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  the personal fable. 
B)  the imaginary audience. 
C)  the illusion of invulnerability. 
D)  hypothetical reasoning. 
A)  the personal fable. 
B)  the imaginary audience. 
C)  the illusion of invulnerability. 
D)  hypothetical reasoning.

Question 9

Antidepressant drugs

Accepted Answer

A)  have effects that last after the individual stops taking the drugs. 
B)  are more effective than forms of psychotherapy that emphasize cognitive and social skills. 
C)  should be prescribed in any young person who has been diagnosed with depression. 
D)  are designed to correct an imbalance in neurotransmitters. 
A)  have effects that last after the individual stops taking the drugs. 
B)  are more effective than forms of psychotherapy that emphasize cognitive and social skills. 
C)  should be prescribed in any young person who has been diagnosed with depression. 
D)  are designed to correct an imbalance in neurotransmitters.

Question 10

What advice would you give teachers to help them enhance their students' self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Don't expect children to work to the best of their ability. 
B)  Show interest in your students' progress. 
C)  Discourage children from participating in extracurricular activities. 
D)  Don't listen to most of what your students say to you. 
A)  Don't expect children to work to the best of their ability. 
B)  Show interest in your students' progress. 
C)  Discourage children from participating in extracurricular activities. 
D)  Don't listen to most of what your students say to you.

Question 11

The attitudes, behaviours, and values that a person believes make him or her a unique individual are referred to as the person's

Accepted Answer

A)  self-concept. 
B)  specification. 
C)  imaginary audience. 
D)  personal fable. 
A)  self-concept. 
B)  specification. 
C)  imaginary audience. 
D)  personal fable.

Question 12

If Hunter is a typical adolescent, he will

Accepted Answer

A)  be rebellious. 
B)  rely upon his parents for advice. 
C)  not share many of his parents' values. 
D)  be unhappy. 
A)  be rebellious. 
B)  rely upon his parents for advice. 
C)  not share many of his parents' values. 
D)  be unhappy.

Question 13

Children with more advanced perspective-taking skills

Accepted Answer

A)  are younger than children with less advanced skills. 
B)  are at lower cognitive levels. 
C)  are typically well-liked by their peers. 
D)  are more likely to have negative interactions with peers. 
A)  are younger than children with less advanced skills. 
B)  are at lower cognitive levels. 
C)  are typically well-liked by their peers. 
D)  are more likely to have negative interactions with peers.

Question 14

Brandon is a five-year-old Hispanic American male. Which of the following traits is he LEAST likely to attribute to members of his own ethnic group?

Accepted Answer

A)  being smart 
B)  being dishonest 
C)  being friendly 
D)  being honest 
A)  being smart 
B)  being dishonest 
C)  being friendly 
D)  being honest

Question 15

Who is most likely to reach achievement status?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gabriel, whose parents discourage discussion 
B)  Amanda, whose parents give her explicit direction for her choices 
C)  Kathryn, whose parents encourage her to explore alternatives on her own 
D)  Ashley, whose parents set rules with little justification 
A)  Gabriel, whose parents discourage discussion 
B)  Amanda, whose parents give her explicit direction for her choices 
C)  Kathryn, whose parents encourage her to explore alternatives on her own 
D)  Ashley, whose parents set rules with little justification

Question 16

When Kristin makes the transition from elementary school to junior high school, you would expect her self-esteem to

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease. 
B)  increase. 
C)  fluctuate up and down unpredictably. 
D)  remain stable. 
A)  decrease. 
B)  increase. 
C)  fluctuate up and down unpredictably. 
D)  remain stable.

Question 17

Toddlers who were self-aware were

Accepted Answer

A)  more likely to say "Mine!" when playing with toys than children who are not self-aware. 
B)  less likely to say positive things to their playmates than children who are not self-aware. 
C)  more confrontational and aggressive than children who are not self-aware. 
D)  less likely to consider the toy to be part of a definition of themselves than children who are not self-aware. 
A)  more likely to say "Mine!" when playing with toys than children who are not self-aware. 
B)  less likely to say positive things to their playmates than children who are not self-aware. 
C)  more confrontational and aggressive than children who are not self-aware. 
D)  less likely to consider the toy to be part of a definition of themselves than children who are not self-aware.

Question 18

Fourteen-year-old Tyler is overwhelmed by the task of achieving an identity and has done little to achieve one. Tyler appears to be in Marcia's ________ identity status.

Accepted Answer

A)  moratorium 
B)  achievement 
C)  foreclosure 
D)  diffusion 
A)  moratorium 
B)  achievement 
C)  foreclosure 
D)  diffusion

Question 19

Sixteen-year-old Ingrid discovered a spot on her blouse after she arrived at school. Ingrid is afraid that everyone will notice the spot and think she is stupid. Which of the following best describes Ingrid's beliefs?

Accepted Answer

A)  adolescent egocentrism 
B)  imaginary audience 
C)  personal fable 
D)  illusion of invulnerability 
A)  adolescent egocentrism 
B)  imaginary audience 
C)  personal fable 
D)  illusion of invulnerability

Question 20

Hunter is eager to try any sport and feels that he's pretty good at most of them. Mason doesn't enjoy any sports, mainly because he doesn't think he's very good at them. Hunter's and Mason's perceived competencies are different in the domain of

Accepted Answer

A)  scholastic competence. 
B)  behavioural conduct. 
C)  physical appearance. 
D)  athletic competence. 
A)  scholastic competence. 
B)  behavioural conduct. 
C)  physical appearance. 
D)  athletic competence.

Exam 11: B: Understanding Self and Others

Cole and colleagues (2001) examined developmental changes in various domains of self-esteem in elementary school and high school. They found that

Who is likely to have the highest self-esteem?

As children develop, the progression in how they describe others goes from emphasizing

According to Cole and colleagues, research on developmental change in different domains of self-worth during elementary school and high school, there is evidence that

Chan's self-concept includes statements about his attitudes, personality traits, religious beliefs, and occupational goals. How old is Chan?

Who is likely to display the most prejudice?

Teenagers' tendency to believe that their experiences and feelings are unique, and that no one has ever felt or thought as they do is known as

Antidepressant drugs

What advice would you give teachers to help them enhance their students' self-esteem?

The attitudes, behaviours, and values that a person believes make him or her a unique individual are referred to as the person's

If Hunter is a typical adolescent, he will

Children with more advanced perspective-taking skills

Brandon is a five-year-old Hispanic American male. Which of the following traits is he LEAST likely to attribute to members of his own ethnic group?

Who is most likely to reach achievement status?

When Kristin makes the transition from elementary school to junior high school, you would expect her self-esteem to

Toddlers who were self-aware were

Fourteen-year-old Tyler is overwhelmed by the task of achieving an identity and has done little to achieve one. Tyler appears to be in Marcia's ________ identity status.

Sixteen-year-old Ingrid discovered a spot on her blouse after she arrived at school. Ingrid is afraid that everyone will notice the spot and think she is stupid. Which of the following best describes Ingrid's beliefs?

Hunter is eager to try any sport and feels that he's pretty good at most of them. Mason doesn't enjoy any sports, mainly because he doesn't think he's very good at them. Hunter's and Mason's perceived competencies are different in the domain of

A: The Science of Child Development

B: The Science of Child Development

C: The Science of Child Development

A: Genetic Bases of Child Development

B: Genetic Bases of Child Development

C: Genetic Bases of Child Development

A: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

B: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

C: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

A: Growth and Health

B: Growth and Health

C: Growth and Health

A: Perceptual and Motor Development

B: Perceptual and Motor Development

C: Perceptual and Motor Development

A: Theories of Cognitive Development

B: Theories of Cognitive Development

C: Theories of Cognitive Development

A: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

B: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

C: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

A: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

B: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

C: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

A: Language and Communication

B: Language and Communication

C: Language and Communication

A: Emotional Development

B: Emotional Development

C: Emotional Development

A: Understanding Self and Others

C: Understanding Self and Others

A: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

B: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

C: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

A: Gender and Development

B: Gender and Development

C: Gender and Development

A: Social Influences

A2: Social Influences

B: Social Influences

B2: Social Influences

C: Social Influences

C2: Social Influences

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