Question 1

Because Danielle, a junior high school student, has low self-esteem, she is

Accepted Answer

A)  likely to get along well with peers. 
B)  unlikely to become depressed. 
C)  unlikely to be involved in bullying and aggressive behaviour. 
D)  likely to do poorly in school. 
A)  likely to get along well with peers. 
B)  unlikely to become depressed. 
C)  unlikely to be involved in bullying and aggressive behaviour. 
D)  likely to do poorly in school.

Question 2

Which of the following shows the proper sequence of Selman's stages of perspective-taking?

Accepted Answer

A)  undifferentiated, self-reflective, societal, third-person, social-informational 
B)  undifferentiated, social-informational, societal, third-person, self-reflective 
C)  social-informational, self-reflective, third-person, societal, undifferentiated 
D)  undifferentiated, social-informational, self-reflective, third-person, societal 
A)  undifferentiated, self-reflective, societal, third-person, social-informational 
B)  undifferentiated, social-informational, societal, third-person, self-reflective 
C)  social-informational, self-reflective, third-person, societal, undifferentiated 
D)  undifferentiated, social-informational, self-reflective, third-person, societal

Question 3

Depression-prone adolescents

Accepted Answer

A)  have higher levels of norepinephrine and serotonin. 
B)  are more likely to be boys than girls. 
C)  are likely to become depressed even when there is no triggering event. 
D)  are more likely to blame themselves for their failures. 
A)  have higher levels of norepinephrine and serotonin. 
B)  are more likely to be boys than girls. 
C)  are likely to become depressed even when there is no triggering event. 
D)  are more likely to blame themselves for their failures.

Question 4

What is an effective way to reduce prejudice?

Accepted Answer

A)  ask children to play different roles that involve being discriminated against. 
B)  decrease the amount of contact people have with members of different groups. 
C)  stress the ways in which people in one group are different from people in other groups. 
D)  be more like young children in terms of the amount of prejudice towards others. 
A)  ask children to play different roles that involve being discriminated against. 
B)  decrease the amount of contact people have with members of different groups. 
C)  stress the ways in which people in one group are different from people in other groups. 
D)  be more like young children in terms of the amount of prejudice towards others.

Question 5

Between the ages of six and eight, children's descriptions of themselves are likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  be based on characteristics that are observable and concrete. 
B)  be future-oriented. 
C)  mention emotions and social groups to which they belong. 
D)  vary with the setting. 
A)  be based on characteristics that are observable and concrete. 
B)  be future-oriented. 
C)  mention emotions and social groups to which they belong. 
D)  vary with the setting.

Question 6

Self-awareness is usually well established by the age of

Accepted Answer

A)  six months. 
B)  one years. 
C)  two years. 
D)  three years. 
A)  six months. 
B)  one years. 
C)  two years. 
D)  three years.

Question 7

Veronica describes herself as an "ambitious, fun-loving Catholic who is going to be a nurse someday." Veronica is probably

Accepted Answer

A)  a toddler. 
B)  a preschooler. 
C)  an elementary school age child. 
D)  an adolescent. 
A)  a toddler. 
B)  a preschooler. 
C)  an elementary school age child. 
D)  an adolescent.

Question 8

If you ask Eva, a preschooler, to describe herself she is most likely to say

Accepted Answer

A)  "I love swimming." 
B)  "I'm usually happy." 
C)  "I'm the fastest runner in my preschool class." 
D)  "I have blond hair." 
A)  "I love swimming." 
B)  "I'm usually happy." 
C)  "I'm the fastest runner in my preschool class." 
D)  "I have blond hair."

Question 9

Who is likely to have the lowest self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Darrin, whose parents don't set rules 
B)  Donald, whose parents discuss their rules with him 
C)  Stephen, whose parents are affectionate toward him 
D)  Troy, whose parents are involved in his extra-curricular activities 
A)  Darrin, whose parents don't set rules 
B)  Donald, whose parents discuss their rules with him 
C)  Stephen, whose parents are affectionate toward him 
D)  Troy, whose parents are involved in his extra-curricular activities

Question 10

In Marcia's theory, ________ describes individuals who have identities that are determined largely by adults, rather than from personal exploration.

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion 
B)  foreclosure 
C)  moratorium 
D)  achievement 
A)  diffusion 
B)  foreclosure 
C)  moratorium 
D)  achievement

Question 11

Although 15-year-old Vince hasn't thought about it much, he has decided to become a priest when he grows up because that's what his mother wants. Marcia would describe Vince as being in the ________ phase of achieving identity.

Accepted Answer

A)  foreclosure 
B)  diffusion 
C)  achievement 
D)  moratorium 
A)  foreclosure 
B)  diffusion 
C)  achievement 
D)  moratorium

Question 12

Greg has more advanced perspective-taking skills than Simon. Which of the following would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

A)  Greg and Simon are at the same cognitive level. 
B)  Simon is older than Greg. 
C)  Simon gets along better with his peers than Greg does. 
D)  Greg has more positive interactions with his peers than Simon does. 
A)  Greg and Simon are at the same cognitive level. 
B)  Simon is older than Greg. 
C)  Simon gets along better with his peers than Greg does. 
D)  Greg has more positive interactions with his peers than Simon does.

Question 13

A child who can step outside the immediate situation to see how they and another person would be seen from the perspective of a neutral third party is in Selman's ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  undifferentiated 
B)  social-informational 
C)  self-reflective 
D)  third-person 
A)  undifferentiated 
B)  social-informational 
C)  self-reflective 
D)  third-person

Question 14

When children move from elementary school to high school

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem reaches its peak. 
B)  self-esteem becomes less differentiated. 
C)  children become less likely to compare themselves with peers. 
D)  self-esteem usually drops. 
A)  self-esteem reaches its peak. 
B)  self-esteem becomes less differentiated. 
C)  children become less likely to compare themselves with peers. 
D)  self-esteem usually drops.

Question 15

How popular a child feels in social interactions with peers is called

Accepted Answer

A)  scholastic competence. 
B)  athletic competence. 
C)  social acceptance. 
D)  behavioural conduct. 
A)  scholastic competence. 
B)  athletic competence. 
C)  social acceptance. 
D)  behavioural conduct.

Question 16

The foundation or first step of developing a self-concept occurs when children

Accepted Answer

A)  begin to wonder who they are. 
B)  become aware that they exist independently of other people and objects in the environment. 
C)  mention emotions when describing themselves. 
D)  begin to describe themselves in relation to their peers. 
A)  begin to wonder who they are. 
B)  become aware that they exist independently of other people and objects in the environment. 
C)  mention emotions when describing themselves. 
D)  begin to describe themselves in relation to their peers.

Question 17

Michael, 15, was just dumped by his girlfriend, Lisa. Michael's dad told him that he knows how he feels but that in time he will feel better. Michael is convinced that his dad does not know how it feels to be dumped by a girlfriend and that his dad does not know what he is talking about. Which of the following terms best describes Michael's beliefs?

Accepted Answer

A)  adolescent egocentrism 
B)  imaginary audience 
C)  personal fable 
D)  illusion of invulnerability 
A)  adolescent egocentrism 
B)  imaginary audience 
C)  personal fable 
D)  illusion of invulnerability

Question 18

Dr. Jones conducts a study in which he places a red mark on toddlers' noses and then places them in front of a mirror. Dr. Jones appears to be interested in

Accepted Answer

A)  identity statuses. 
B)  self-awareness. 
C)  egocentrism. 
D)  self-esteem. 
A)  identity statuses. 
B)  self-awareness. 
C)  egocentrism. 
D)  self-esteem.

Question 19

As children grow from preschoolers to adolescents, their self-concepts become

Accepted Answer

A)  more concrete. 
B)  more elaborate and richer. 
C)  less psychological. 
D)  less future-oriented. 
A)  more concrete. 
B)  more elaborate and richer. 
C)  less psychological. 
D)  less future-oriented.

Question 20

During Selman's ________ stage of perspective-taking, children know that perspectives differ because people have access to different information.

Accepted Answer

A)  undifferentiated 
B)  third-person 
C)  social-informational 
D)  societal 
A)  undifferentiated 
B)  third-person 
C)  social-informational 
D)  societal

Exam 11: B: Understanding Self and Others

Because Danielle, a junior high school student, has low self-esteem, she is

Which of the following shows the proper sequence of Selman's stages of perspective-taking?

Depression-prone adolescents

What is an effective way to reduce prejudice?

Between the ages of six and eight, children's descriptions of themselves are likely to

Self-awareness is usually well established by the age of

Veronica describes herself as an "ambitious, fun-loving Catholic who is going to be a nurse someday." Veronica is probably

If you ask Eva, a preschooler, to describe herself she is most likely to say

Who is likely to have the lowest self-esteem?

In Marcia's theory, ________ describes individuals who have identities that are determined largely by adults, rather than from personal exploration.

Although 15-year-old Vince hasn't thought about it much, he has decided to become a priest when he grows up because that's what his mother wants. Marcia would describe Vince as being in the ________ phase of achieving identity.

Greg has more advanced perspective-taking skills than Simon. Which of the following would you expect to find?

A child who can step outside the immediate situation to see how they and another person would be seen from the perspective of a neutral third party is in Selman's ________ stage.

When children move from elementary school to high school

How popular a child feels in social interactions with peers is called

The foundation or first step of developing a self-concept occurs when children

Dr. Jones conducts a study in which he places a red mark on toddlers' noses and then places them in front of a mirror. Dr. Jones appears to be interested in

As children grow from preschoolers to adolescents, their self-concepts become

During Selman's ________ stage of perspective-taking, children know that perspectives differ because people have access to different information.

A: The Science of Child Development

B: The Science of Child Development

C: The Science of Child Development

A: Genetic Bases of Child Development

B: Genetic Bases of Child Development

C: Genetic Bases of Child Development

A: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

B: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

C: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

A: Growth and Health

B: Growth and Health

C: Growth and Health

A: Perceptual and Motor Development

B: Perceptual and Motor Development

C: Perceptual and Motor Development

A: Theories of Cognitive Development

B: Theories of Cognitive Development

C: Theories of Cognitive Development

A: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

B: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

C: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

A: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

B: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

C: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

A: Language and Communication

B: Language and Communication

C: Language and Communication

A: Emotional Development

B: Emotional Development

C: Emotional Development

A: Understanding Self and Others

C: Understanding Self and Others

A: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

B: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

C: Moral Understanding and Behaviour

A: Gender and Development

B: Gender and Development

C: Gender and Development

A: Social Influences

A2: Social Influences

B: Social Influences

B2: Social Influences

C: Social Influences

C2: Social Influences

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