Exam 7: Seciton 1: the First Two Years: Psychosocial Development

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The child will immediately look to her father to see how he responds. She will reflect his response. Thus, if he acts startled or upset, she will, too. This is due to social referencing, in which the child looks to a trusted person to see whether a new event or person is something to embrace, fear, or ignore.

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Synchrony is a coordinated interaction between infant and caregiver that develops through ongoing experiences. Infant and caregiver learn to read each other's signals, expressions, and gestures. Synchrony is 1) the root of attachment and 2) helps infants learn to take turns and 3) pay attention. Infants need responsive caregivers to develop normally; little or no synchrony makes it 4) difficult for infants to connect to people and 5) struggle to form attachments.

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A working model is a set of assumptions a child makes that becomes a frame of reference for later life. It is called "working" because although it is used as the lens through which the child views the world, it can be modified based on one's life experiences. A 1-year-old child will develop a working model based on responses from parents and other significant people in her life. She will apply this model to other situations. For example, if a child initially developed a model that is negative-such as that people are unpredictable-based on parents with inconsistent responses, the model can later be reorganized based on subsequent, more positive, experiences.