Exam 12: Seciton 4: Middle Childhood: Cognitive Development

Everywhere in the world, children are taught to read, write, and do arithmetic.

The logical principle by which things are organized into groupings or categories is known as identity.

The process of switching codes is limited to sentence and grammar usage.

In the total immersion approach to bilingual education, social communication in both languages is encouraged.

The knowledge that things can be arranged in a logical order is the logical principle of seriation.

With respect to teacher expectations for academic success among children, teacher expectations are important.

Control processes improve with age only.

During the school years, children learn up to 20 new words each day.

A federally sponsored test in the United States is called the National Assessment of Educational Progress.

Public subsidy for tuition payment at a non-public school is referred to as a private school.

Within Vygotsky's sociocultural framework, from childhood every experience teaches individuals something.

In the United States, public schools that set their own standards, are licensed by the state, and receive funding from private money and sponsors are charter schools.

Long-term memory is large by the end of middle childhood.

The process by which children change from informal speech to proper speech when talking with teachers and most adults is known as changing codes.

Shelby spoke to her best friend using slang; when she turned to speak to her teacher, she used formal English. Shelby was demonstrating metacognition.

Dolly can count from 1 to 10 in order. This ability is due to the logical principle of conservation.

According to Piaget, a child between the ages of 6 and 11 can apply logical principles to concrete situations (real, tangible, visible).

According to Vygotsky, a teacher can be an instructor to a 6-year-old child.

Metacognition is thinking about thinking.

Vygotsky believed instruction was crucial for cognitive development.