Exam 5: Seciton 1: the First Two Years: Biosocial Development

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The development and order of gross motor skills is largely due to biological factors, but that assumes that the environment provides adequate opportunity to practice the precursors for the skills. Since a 14-month-old baby is within the age range of normal for the development of a skill, the parent should be encouraged to provide the opportunity for the skill to develop, and then relax and wait for the skill to emerge.

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The average baby doubles his or her birthweight by 4 months, and triples it by 1 year. The average baby grows 10 inches in the first year.
Norms are averages based on data from a population. Norms allow one to determine whether a particular baby is bigger, smaller, or average in comparison to his or her peers. Percentile ranks are based on norms. Babies who are average will score in the 50th percentile for height and weight. Babies who are smaller than average will have a lower percentile rank, and babies who are larger than average will have a higher percentile rank.

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Immunization is most often an injection that stimulates the body's immune system to defend against a particular disease or diseases. Immunizations have been instrumental in the sharp decrease and near eradication of many common childhood diseases-smallpox being the best example. Children who are not immunized against these illnesses are more susceptible to disease and death. However, if approximately 90 percent of a population is immunized, the few children who are not are usually still safe due to herd immunity.