Exam 2: Seciton 3: Beginnings: Theories of Development

Theorists who promote classical conditioning believe that learned behavior is the result of _____, whereas theorists who promote operant conditioning believe that learned behavior is the result of _____.

The foundation of cognitive theory is _____.

According to Piaget, when old ideas are restructured to include new experiences it is called _____.

Jenny has never seen a pear before today. As her mom hands it to her, she says that it is a fruit. Jenny knows that apples and bananas are fruits and that she likes eating them, so she has a reference for this new experience. Jenny is experiencing _____.

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, which stage centers around breastfeeding and weaning?

Critics of behaviorism argue that the theory _____.

Within the context of Maslow's hierarchy, people who visit friends on the weekend are focused on a(n) _____.

The theories that have reminded us that development is embedded in a rich and multifaceted cultural context, evident in every social interaction, are _____ theories.

_____ emphasized unconscious drives and early experiences with respect to development, whereas _____ emphasized learning by understanding how a person thinks.

Maslow said that one sign of self-actualization is that the person has a(n) _____ in which life is so intensely joyful that time stops and self-seeking disappears.

Johnny is 12 years old and has been aggressive toward his siblings and peers, hitting, kicking, and calling them names. Johnny's parents are worried about these new aggressive behaviors and consult with a psychologist, who suggests that this behavior could be the result of unconscious drives originating from conflicts during early development. The psychologist's explanation for the aggression is consistent with _____.

In class, Sam learned that some theorists link happiness to productivity. From this, he developed the thought that happy employees in a factory will produce more products per hour. In this example, Sam's theory led him to _____.

Critics of sociocultural theory argue that it is _____.

Any consequence that follows a behavior and makes the person likely to repeat that behavior is called a(n) _____.

According to Piaget, when new experiences are interpreted to fit into old ideas it is called _____.

Within the information-processing perspective, what is the correct sequential order for producing cognition?

Pavlov's experiments with dogs that salivated when they heard a specific noise without the presence of food provide an example of _____.

Social learning theory indicates that learning occurs from _____.

Which cognitive theorist emphasized the cultural context?

_____ emphasized unconscious drives and early experiences with respect to development, whereas _____ emphasized learning by association, reinforcement or observation with respect to development