Exam 9: Seciton 2: Early Childhood: Cognitive Development

_____ is the rapid and sometimes imprecise way in which children learn new words by placing them in mental categories based on their perceived meaning.

Jana always chooses the taller of two glasses when her older brother pours each of them a glass of juice. Even though there is the same amount of juice in each glass, she believes that there is more juice in hers. Jana is demonstrating that she does not yet understand the concept of _____.

A temporary, sensitive support structure set up to help children work in the zone of proximal development is called _____.

The internal dialogue in which one talks to oneself either aloud or in one's mind is called _____.

The human desire to develop theories to explain what is seen and heard is called _____.

The child who says, "I seed the dog," or "My tooths hurt," is demonstrating a language error called _____.

In the United States, approximately _____ percent of young children enrolled in pre-primary programs are of Hispanic heritage.

_____ refers to preschoolers' tendency to view the world and others exclusively from their own personal perspective.

Beginning around age 4, children go through a change in thinking that allows them to develop a set of ideas about other people's thinking; this new perspective indicates that the children have developed a(n) _____.

In addition to being influenced by Vygotsky, child-centered programs are also influenced by _____, who believed that each child is capable of discovering new ideas.

The set of skills a boy can perform with assistance but not independently is considered to be within his _____.

Learning vocabulary by connecting a new word to words and categories that are already understood is called _____.

A child watches a ball of modeling clay being rolled into a Tootsie Roll shape. If the child perceives that there is the same amount of modeling clay before than after it is rolled out, that child understands the concept of _____.

When two- to six-year-old children imitate an adult's action that is irrelevant, perhaps even inefficient, it is called _____.

According to the text, a meta-analysis of 254 studies revealed that _____ children were about six months ahead of U.S. children in developing theory of mind.

The young children least likely to attend preschool in the United States are those from _____ homes.

Children as young as age _____ are more interested in asking questions about why adults behave certain ways than in simply copying what adults do.

The key research conclusion about what is important for early-childhood education, whether at home or at school, is the _____ of the educational environment.

The process by which one person learns from another, more experienced mentor as they share social experiences and explorations is known as _____.

The four obstacles to logical thinking during the preoperational period include centration, focus on appearance, irreversibility, and _____.