Exam 7: Seciton 2: the First Two Years: Psychosocial Development

When a baby discovers that her world is a fairly predictable place in which her needs are met by a responsive caregiver, Erikson would say she has resolved the crisis of ______ versus mistrust.

The _____ is the classic laboratory procedure used to measure attachment by evoking an infant's reaction to stress.

An infant's fear of being left alone by a parent or other caregiver is called _____.

One element of day care that researchers agree is extremely important is the _____ of the day care setting.

According to Erikson, the central crisis of toddlerhood is _____ versus shame and doubt.

One-year-old Jacob follows his mother when she moves about the house and tries to climb up her legs when she is sitting in a chair. He is exhibiting his attachment to her through _____ behavior.

According to cognitive theory, the set of assumptions that an individual uses to organize perceptions and experiences is called a _____ model.

Baby Jordan first met her grandmother when she was just days old. Their second meeting was at Jordan's first birthday party. However, Jordan wanted nothing to do with her grandmother, whose feelings were deeply hurt. Jordan's behavior may be explained by _____.

The infant's smile that appears whenever mother peeks over the side of the crib and makes a funny face is called a(n) _____ smile.

Psychologists from the _____ school of thought believe that a child's personality is "created" or largely determined by his or her parents.

Children's realization that they are separate persons with minds, bodies, and behaviors separate from those around them is called _____.

According to the New York Longitudinal Study, an infant with colic would probably be classified as _____.

Research on the roles of fathers and mothers in infant care reveals that they cooperate and complement each other in a well-functioning family; however, mothers tend to be the usual _____.

The "proximity-seeking" and "contact-maintaining" behaviors of the 12-month-old infant are evidenced by the affectionate tie that Ainsworth called _____.

Most developmentalists agree that the anterior cingulate gyrus is the part of the brain's _____ that is directly connected to emotional self-regulation.

Later theorists in the behaviorist tradition included the role of _____ learning in explaining how personality traits form.

The biologically based core of individual differences in style of approach and response to the environment that remains stable across time and situations is what psychologists call _____.

The _____ experiments are used to test the importance of synchrony in normal development.

The child who first hits her mother, then kisses her with a blank expression, would be classified as displaying _____ attachment.

_____ tend to engage their infants in more active play than the infant's other parent does.