Chat with AIExam 15: Seciton 1: Adolescence: Cognitive Development
Thoroughly define analytic thinking and intuitive thinking. Tell which adolescents tend to use to a greater extent and why.
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VerifiedAnalytic thought is formal, logical, rational, hypothetical, and deductive. It is the thinking described by Piaget and involves the rational analysis of many factors whose interactions must be calculated. Such logical thinking improves with age and education, although not with IQ.
Intuitive thought starts with a prior belief, assumption, or general rule (called a heuristic) rather than logic. Intuition is quick and powerful; it feels "right." It also involves applying memories or feelings. Intuitive thought is more emotional than analytic thought.
Adolescents use intuitive thinking more frequently because it is fast and powerful. Additionally, increased hormonal production brings emotion to the forefront of adolescents' thought processes.
Explain what is meant by cyberbullying, who is most likely to be involved, and two potential effects of cyberbullying on the victim.
(31) VerifiedCyberbullying is when a person is bullied via electronic devices, usually via email, text messages, or cell phone videos. Texted and emailed rumors and insults can "go viral," reaching thousands, transmitted day and night. The imaginary audience magnifies the shame. When students consider their school a good place to be, those with high self-esteem are not only less likely to engage in cyberbullying and highly likely to disapprove of it, reducing its incidence. A negative school climate results in students with high self-esteem who are often bullies and increases the incidence of cyberbullying.
The adolescents most likely to be involved are usually already bullies or victims or both, with bully-victims the most likely to engage in, and suffer from, cyberbullying. Adolescent victims are particularly likely to suffer from 1) low self-esteem, 2) depression, 3) self-harm (cutting), and 4) suicide.
Differentiate between inductive and deductive reasoning and offer an example of each.
(43) VerifiedInductive reasoning (also called bottom-up reasoning) starts with specific facts or experiences and ends with a general conclusion. An example of inductive reasoning would be: "This new creature waddles and quacks. Ducks waddle and quack. Therefore, it must be a type of duck." The concrete operations of childhood are based on inductive reasoning.
Adolescents move into deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning (also called top-down reasoning) starts with a general idea and then uses logic to draw specific conclusions. An example of deductive reasoning would be "If it's a duck, it will waddle and quack."
State two risks associated with the invincibility fable and two risks associated with the imaginary audience.
(30) First define adolescent egocentrism and give two universal examples of it. Second, provide an example of a time when you exhibited adolescent egocentrism in your own life and name the type of egocentrism it was.
(39) What typically happens to student achievement and behavior during middle school? What are two factors that contribute to this pattern?
(36) Explain what PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) is and describe how U.S. students perform on this assessment compared to their international peers.
(31) Explain what is meant by the digital divide. Does it still remain? What is the most notable factor associated with the digital divide?
(39) Define secondary education and indicate why it is important for individuals and nations.
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