Exam 4: Seciton 3: Beginnings: Parental Development and Birth

Epidurals, often used in hospital births to manage pain during childbirth, have been shown to _____.

When healthy babies are born, they usually _____.

A surgical birth, in which incisions through the mother's abdomen and uterus allow the fetus to be removed quickly, is also referred to as a(n) _____.

All of the following factors influence the effects of teratogens EXCEPT for _____.

Holly was two weeks over her due date. The doctor decided it was best for Holly to _____ labor due to the increasing size of the fetus.

Some teratogens have a threshold effect, which means that they are _____.

Low folic acid during pregnancy can result in _____.

The critical factor in attaining the age of viability is _____.

On average, fetuses gain about _____ pounds during the last trimester of pregnancy, which brings the average birth weight to about 7.5 pounds.

Cindy is doing a presentation on prenatal development and wants to present the three main periods of prenatal development in order from conception to birth. Cindy's presentation uses the following order:

Gabby received good quality prenatal care from the care team at her local hospital. She was informed about what to eat and what to do. They also coached her on what to _____, such as cigarette smoking and very high stress.

Sammy is 5 years old and spends his day in a wheelchair, assisted by an aid. Sammy can't control any of his muscles due to brain damage, but he is extremely intelligent. Sammy's condition has been evident since birth. Sammy has _____.

At the onset of the embryonic period, the _____ appears. It will eventually become the neural tube.

A pregnant woman is having an ultrasound done eight weeks into prenatal development. She is surprised by the size of the embryo's head when she sees the image on the screen. The doctor reassures her that this is typical and due to the _____ pattern of development.

Alice is pregnant and wants to ensure that she does everything she can to prevent the occurrence of a neural-tube defect in her child. She makes sure that she has the proper amount of _____ in her diet.

The germinal period ends approximately _____ after conception.

Early prenatal care can help decrease the risk of prenatal abnormalities; however, it CANNOT provide pregnant women with information about _____.

Birth complications are likely EXCEPT when _____.

Adults who were low-birthweight babies have higher rates of _____.

With respect to test results, a false negative is the result of a laboratory test that reports something as _____.