Question 1

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  ketone and methyl 
B)  carbonyl and amino 
C)  carboxyl and amino 
D)  amino and sulfhydryl 
E)  hydroxyl and carboxyl 
A)  ketone and methyl 
B)  carbonyl and amino 
C)  carboxyl and amino 
D)  amino and sulfhydryl 
E)  hydroxyl and carboxyl C

Question 2

-Which molecules shown above contain a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A and B 
B)  B and C 
C)  B, C, and D 
D)  D and E 
E)  E and A 
A)  A and B 
B)  B and C 
C)  B, C, and D 
D)  D and E 
E)  E and A B

Question 3

-The two molecules shown in the figure above are best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  enantiomers. 
B)  radioactive isotopes. 
C)  structural isomers. 
D)  nonisotopic isomers. 
E)  cis-trans isomers. 
A)  enantiomers. 
B)  radioactive isotopes. 
C)  structural isomers. 
D)  nonisotopic isomers. 
E)  cis-trans isomers. E

Question 4

-Which of the groups shown above is a carbonyl functional group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 5

-Which molecule shown above contains a carboxyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 6

-The figure above shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules differ in the

Accepted Answer

A)  number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
B)  types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
C)  arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
D)  number of oxygen atoms joined to carbon atoms by double covalent bonds. 
E)  number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; the types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; and the arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
A)  number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
B)  types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
C)  arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
D)  number of oxygen atoms joined to carbon atoms by double covalent bonds. 
E)  number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; the types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; and the arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Question 7

When Stanley Miller applied heat and electrical sparks to a mixture of simple inorganic compounds such as methane, hydrogen gas, ammonia, and water vapor, what compounds were produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  mostly amino acids 
B)  only simple organic compounds such as formaldehyde and cyanide 
C)  mostly hydrocarbons 
D)  only simple inorganic compounds 
E)  both simple organic compounds and more complex organic compounds such as amino acids and hydrocarbons 
A)  mostly amino acids 
B)  only simple organic compounds such as formaldehyde and cyanide 
C)  mostly hydrocarbons 
D)  only simple inorganic compounds 
E)  both simple organic compounds and more complex organic compounds such as amino acids and hydrocarbons

Question 8

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that

Accepted Answer

A)  simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can only be synthesized by living organisms. 
B)  a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
C)  although a life force, or vitalism, exists in living organisms, this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
D)  living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products. 
E)  living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena. 
A)  simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can only be synthesized by living organisms. 
B)  a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
C)  although a life force, or vitalism, exists in living organisms, this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
D)  living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products. 
E)  living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena.

Question 9

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s)do these molecules differ from each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  Testosterone and estradiol are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula. 
B)  Testosterone and estradiol are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula. 
C)  Testosterone and estradiol have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton. 
D)  Testosterone and estradiol have distinctly different chemical structures, with one including four fused rings of carbon atoms, while the other has three rings. 
E)  Testosterone and estradiol are enantiomers of the same organic molecule. 
A)  Testosterone and estradiol are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula. 
B)  Testosterone and estradiol are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula. 
C)  Testosterone and estradiol have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton. 
D)  Testosterone and estradiol have distinctly different chemical structures, with one including four fused rings of carbon atoms, while the other has three rings. 
E)  Testosterone and estradiol are enantiomers of the same organic molecule.

Question 10

Differences among organisms are caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  large differences in elemental composition from organism to organism. 
B)  differences in the types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism. 
C)  differences in the elements that bond with carbon in each organism. 
D)  differences in the sizes of the organic molecules in each organism. 
E)  differences in inorganic compounds present in each organism. 
A)  large differences in elemental composition from organism to organism. 
B)  differences in the types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism. 
C)  differences in the elements that bond with carbon in each organism. 
D)  differences in the sizes of the organic molecules in each organism. 
E)  differences in inorganic compounds present in each organism.

Question 11

-Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below do NOT depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)of the same molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 12

Which functional groups can act as acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino and sulfhydryl 
B)  carbonyl and carboxyl 
C)  carboxyl and phosphate 
D)  hydroxyl and aldehyde 
E)  ketone and amino 
A)  amino and sulfhydryl 
B)  carbonyl and carboxyl 
C)  carboxyl and phosphate 
D)  hydroxyl and aldehyde 
E)  ketone and amino

Question 13

Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules:

Accepted Answer

A)  structural isomers 
B)  cis-trans isomers 
C)  enantiomers 
D)  isotopes 
A)  structural isomers 
B)  cis-trans isomers 
C)  enantiomers 
D)  isotopes

Question 14

The element present in all organic molecules is

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen. 
B)  oxygen. 
C)  carbon. 
D)  nitrogen. 
E)  phosphorus. 
A)  hydrogen. 
B)  oxygen. 
C)  carbon. 
D)  nitrogen. 
E)  phosphorus.

Question 15

-The figure above shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are

Accepted Answer

A)  geometric isotopes. 
B)  enantiomers. 
C)  cis-trans isomers. 
D)  structural isomers. 
E)  nonisotopic isomers. 
A)  geometric isotopes. 
B)  enantiomers. 
C)  cis-trans isomers. 
D)  structural isomers. 
E)  nonisotopic isomers.

Question 16

-What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure above?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbonyl 
B)  ketone 
C)  aldehyde 
D)  carboxyl 
E)  hydroxyl 
A)  carbonyl 
B)  ketone 
C)  aldehyde 
D)  carboxyl 
E)  hydroxyl

Question 17

Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments assumed that early Earth's atmosphere contained

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, hydrogen gas, and water vapor. 
B)  ammonia, methane, hydrogen gas, and water vapor. 
C)  ammonia, methane, oxygen gas, and water vapor. 
D)  amino acids, methane, hydrogen cyanide, and water vapor. 
E)  methane, formaldehyde, ammonia, and carbon dioxide. 
A)  hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, hydrogen gas, and water vapor. 
B)  ammonia, methane, hydrogen gas, and water vapor. 
C)  ammonia, methane, oxygen gas, and water vapor. 
D)  amino acids, methane, hydrogen cyanide, and water vapor. 
E)  methane, formaldehyde, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.

Question 18

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s)with other atoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  covalent 
D)  covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds 
E)  ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds 
A)  ionic 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  covalent 
D)  covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds 
E)  ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds

Question 19

Which of the following people used this apparatus to study the formation of organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stanley Miller 
B)  Jakob Berzelius 
C)  Friedrich Wohler 
D)  Hermann Kolbe 
E)  August Kekulé 
A)  Stanley Miller 
B)  Jakob Berzelius 
C)  Friedrich Wohler 
D)  Hermann Kolbe 
E)  August Kekulé

Question 20

-Which molecule shown above contains a functional group that cells use to transfer energy between organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

-Which molecules shown above contain a carbonyl group?

-The two molecules shown in the figure above are best described as

-Which of the groups shown above is a carbonyl functional group?

-Which molecule shown above contains a carboxyl group?

-The figure above shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules differ in the

When Stanley Miller applied heat and electrical sparks to a mixture of simple inorganic compounds such as methane, hydrogen gas, ammonia, and water vapor, what compounds were produced?

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s)do these molecules differ from each other?

Differences among organisms are caused by

-Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below do NOT depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)of the same molecule?

Which functional groups can act as acids?

Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules:

The element present in all organic molecules is

-The figure above shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are

-What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure above?

Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments assumed that early Earth's atmosphere contained

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s)with other atoms?

Which of the following people used this apparatus to study the formation of organic compounds?

-Which molecule shown above contains a functional group that cells use to transfer energy between organic molecules?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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