Question 1

Which soil type or habitat would be least likely to have high populations of mycorrhizae?

Accepted Answer

A)  acidic bogs and fens 
B)  loamy soils 
C)  sandy soils 
D)  tropical forests 
E)  desert soils 
A)  acidic bogs and fens 
B)  loamy soils 
C)  sandy soils 
D)  tropical forests 
E)  desert soils A

Question 2

Mycorrhizae enhance plant nutrition mainly by

Accepted Answer

A)  absorbing water and minerals through the fungal hyphae. 
B)  providing sugar to root cells, which have no chloroplasts. 
C)  converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. 
D)  enabling the roots to parasitize neighboring plants. 
E)  stimulating the development of root hairs. 
A)  absorbing water and minerals through the fungal hyphae. 
B)  providing sugar to root cells, which have no chloroplasts. 
C)  converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. 
D)  enabling the roots to parasitize neighboring plants. 
E)  stimulating the development of root hairs. A

Question 3

Which of the following would be in the lowest concentration in an actively growing shoot tip?

Accepted Answer

A)  zinc 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  phosphorus 
D)  potassium 
E)  calcium 
A)  zinc 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  phosphorus 
D)  potassium 
E)  calcium A

Question 4

What are epiphytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  aerial vines common in tropical regions 
B)  haustoria used for anchoring to host plants and obtaining xylem sap 
C)  plants that live in poor soil and digest insects to obtain nitrogen 
D)  plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts 
E)  plants that have a symbiotic relationship with fungi 
A)  aerial vines common in tropical regions 
B)  haustoria used for anchoring to host plants and obtaining xylem sap 
C)  plants that live in poor soil and digest insects to obtain nitrogen 
D)  plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts 
E)  plants that have a symbiotic relationship with fungi

Question 5

If a plant is infected with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, what is the most probable effect on the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  It gets chlorosis. 
B)  It dies. 
C)  It is supplied with increased essential elements from the soil. 
D)  It will likely grow faster. 
E)  It becomes flaccid due to the loss of water and nutrients from the roots. 
A)  It gets chlorosis. 
B)  It dies. 
C)  It is supplied with increased essential elements from the soil. 
D)  It will likely grow faster. 
E)  It becomes flaccid due to the loss of water and nutrients from the roots.

Question 6

Most of the water taken up by a plant is

Accepted Answer

A)  used as a solvent. 
B)  used as a hydrogen source in photosynthesis. 
C)  lost during transpiration. 
D)  converted to CO₂. 
E)  used to keep cells turgid. 
A)  used as a solvent. 
B)  used as a hydrogen source in photosynthesis. 
C)  lost during transpiration. 
D)  converted to CO₂. 
E)  used to keep cells turgid.

Question 7

Which of the following plant structures shares the most common features and functions with a fungal hyphae?

Accepted Answer

A)  stomata 
B)  vascular cambium 
C)  lenticels 
D)  root hairs 
E)  prop roots 
A)  stomata 
B)  vascular cambium 
C)  lenticels 
D)  root hairs 
E)  prop roots

Question 8

Most of the dry weight of a plant is derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  NO₃ and CO₂. 
B)  K and CO₂. 
C)  PO₄ and K. 
D)  H₂O and K. 
E)  H₂O and CO₂. 
A)  NO₃ and CO₂. 
B)  K and CO₂. 
C)  PO₄ and K. 
D)  H₂O and K. 
E)  H₂O and CO₂.

Question 9

In hydroponic culture, what is the purpose of bubbling air into the solute?

Accepted Answer

A)  to keep dissolved nutrients evenly distributed 
B)  to provide oxygen to the root cells 
C)  to inhibit the growth of aerobic algae 
D)  to inhibit the growth of anaerobic bacteria 
E)  to provide CO₂ for photosynthesis 
A)  to keep dissolved nutrients evenly distributed 
B)  to provide oxygen to the root cells 
C)  to inhibit the growth of aerobic algae 
D)  to inhibit the growth of anaerobic bacteria 
E)  to provide CO₂ for photosynthesis

Question 10

We would expect the greatest difference in plant health between two groups of plants of the same species, one group with mycorrhizae and one group without mycorrhizae, in an environment

Accepted Answer

A)  where nitrogen-fixing bacteria are abundant. 
B)  that has soil with poor drainage. 
C)  that has hot summers and cold winters. 
D)  in which the soil is relatively deficient in mineral nutrients. 
E)  that is near a body of water, such as a pond or river. 
A)  where nitrogen-fixing bacteria are abundant. 
B)  that has soil with poor drainage. 
C)  that has hot summers and cold winters. 
D)  in which the soil is relatively deficient in mineral nutrients. 
E)  that is near a body of water, such as a pond or river.

Question 11

Why does overwatering a plant kill it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water does not have all the necessary minerals a plant needs to grow. 
B)  Water neutralizes the pH of the soil. 
C)  The roots are deprived of oxygen. 
D)  Water supports the growth of root parasites. 
E)  Water lowers the water potential of the roots. 
A)  Water does not have all the necessary minerals a plant needs to grow. 
B)  Water neutralizes the pH of the soil. 
C)  The roots are deprived of oxygen. 
D)  Water supports the growth of root parasites. 
E)  Water lowers the water potential of the roots.

Question 12

Dwarf mistletoe grows on many pine trees in the Rockies. Although the mistletoe is green, it is probably not sufficiently active in photosynthesis to produce all the sugar it needs. The mistletoe also produces haustoria. Thus, dwarf mistletoe growing on pine trees is best classified as

Accepted Answer

A)  an epiphyte. 
B)  a nitrogen-fixing plant. 
C)  a carnivorous plant. 
D)  a symbiotic plant. 
E)  a parasite. 
A)  an epiphyte. 
B)  a nitrogen-fixing plant. 
C)  a carnivorous plant. 
D)  a symbiotic plant. 
E)  a parasite.

Question 13

Reddish-purple coloring of leaves, especially along the margins of young leaves, is a typical symptom of deficiency of which element?

Accepted Answer

A)  C 
B)  M⁺⁺ 
C)  N 
D)  P 
E)  K⁺ 
A)  C 
B)  M⁺⁺ 
C)  N 
D)  P 
E)  K⁺

Question 14

Most of the dry weight of a plant is the result of uptake of

Accepted Answer

A)  water and minerals through root hairs. 
B)  water and minerals through mycorrhizae. 
C)  CO₂ through stoma. 
D)  CO₂ and O₂ through stomata in leaves. 
E)  carbohydrates in the root hairs and concentration in the root cortex. 
A)  water and minerals through root hairs. 
B)  water and minerals through mycorrhizae. 
C)  CO₂ through stoma. 
D)  CO₂ and O₂ through stomata in leaves. 
E)  carbohydrates in the root hairs and concentration in the root cortex.

Question 15

Figure 37.1 shows the results of a study to determine the effect of soil air spaces on plant growth.
   
Figure 37.1
-The best conclusion drawn from the data in Figure 37.1 is that the plant

Accepted Answer

A)  grows best without air in the soil. 
B)  grows fastest in 5-10% air. 
C)  grows best at soil air levels above 15%. 
D)  does not respond differently to different levels of air in the soil. 
E)  would grow to 24 grams in 40% soil air. 
A)  grows best without air in the soil. 
B)  grows fastest in 5-10% air. 
C)  grows best at soil air levels above 15%. 
D)  does not respond differently to different levels of air in the soil. 
E)  would grow to 24 grams in 40% soil air.

Question 16

Synthesis of which of the following compounds in a mature leaf would be least impacted by a temporary soil nitrogen deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorophyll 
B)  DNA 
C)  RNA 
D)  amino acids 
E)  cellulose 
A)  chlorophyll 
B)  DNA 
C)  RNA 
D)  amino acids 
E)  cellulose

Question 17

Which of the following is not a function of rhizobacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  produce hormones that stimulate plant growth 
B)  produce antibiotics that protect roots from disease 
C)  absorb toxic metals 
D)  carry out nitrogen fixation 
E)  supply growing roots with glucose 
A)  produce hormones that stimulate plant growth 
B)  produce antibiotics that protect roots from disease 
C)  absorb toxic metals 
D)  carry out nitrogen fixation 
E)  supply growing roots with glucose

Question 18

In a root nodule, the gene coding for nitrogenase

Accepted Answer

A)  is inactivated by leghemoglobin. 
B)  is absent in active bacteroids. 
C)  is found in the cells of the pericycle. 
D)  protects the nodule from nitrogen. 
E)  is part of the Rhizobium genome. 
A)  is inactivated by leghemoglobin. 
B)  is absent in active bacteroids. 
C)  is found in the cells of the pericycle. 
D)  protects the nodule from nitrogen. 
E)  is part of the Rhizobium genome.

Question 19

A farming commitment that embraces a variety of methods that are conservation-minded, environmentally safe, and profitable is called

Accepted Answer

A)  hydroponics. 
B)  nitrogen fixation. 
C)  responsible irrigation. 
D)  genetic engineering. 
E)  sustainable agriculture. 
A)  hydroponics. 
B)  nitrogen fixation. 
C)  responsible irrigation. 
D)  genetic engineering. 
E)  sustainable agriculture.

Question 20

The enzyme complex nitrogenase catalyzes the reaction that reduces atmospheric nitrogen to

Accepted Answer

A)  N₂. 
B)  NH₃. 
C)  NO₂. 
D)  NO⁺. 
E)  NO⁻. 
A)  N₂. 
B)  NH₃. 
C)  NO₂. 
D)  NO⁺. 
E)  NO⁻.

Exam 37: Soil and Plant Nutrition

Which soil type or habitat would be least likely to have high populations of mycorrhizae?

Mycorrhizae enhance plant nutrition mainly by

Which of the following would be in the lowest concentration in an actively growing shoot tip?

What are epiphytes?

If a plant is infected with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, what is the most probable effect on the plant?

Most of the water taken up by a plant is

Which of the following plant structures shares the most common features and functions with a fungal hyphae?

Most of the dry weight of a plant is derived from

In hydroponic culture, what is the purpose of bubbling air into the solute?

We would expect the greatest difference in plant health between two groups of plants of the same species, one group with mycorrhizae and one group without mycorrhizae, in an environment

Why does overwatering a plant kill it?

Dwarf mistletoe grows on many pine trees in the Rockies. Although the mistletoe is green, it is probably not sufficiently active in photosynthesis to produce all the sugar it needs. The mistletoe also produces haustoria. Thus, dwarf mistletoe growing on pine trees is best classified as

Reddish-purple coloring of leaves, especially along the margins of young leaves, is a typical symptom of deficiency of which element?

Most of the dry weight of a plant is the result of uptake of

Figure 37.1 shows the results of a study to determine the effect of soil air spaces on plant growth. Figure 37.1 -The best conclusion drawn from the data in Figure 37.1 is that the plant

Synthesis of which of the following compounds in a mature leaf would be least impacted by a temporary soil nitrogen deficiency?

Which of the following is not a function of rhizobacteria?

In a root nodule, the gene coding for nitrogenase

A farming commitment that embraces a variety of methods that are conservation-minded, environmentally safe, and profitable is called

The enzyme complex nitrogenase catalyzes the reaction that reduces atmospheric nitrogen to

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters